Luxembourg
Region
🌍 Europe
Population
👥 690
Currency
💱 Euro
Languages
🗣️ French, German, Luxembourgish
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Luxembourg, a small but mighty European gem, captivates visitors with its enchanting blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Nestled between Belgium, France, and Germany, this landlocked nation is best known for its dramatic Ardennes landscapes, picturesque valleys, and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Old Town of Luxembourg City. A first-time visitor can expect a sophisticated yet accessible experience, with a rich tapestry of medieval castles, charming villages, and a surprisingly diverse culinary scene. The country offers a peaceful and efficient environment, ideal for exploring its green heartlands or delving into its historic fortifications. Luxembourg's strategic location also makes it a fantastic base for exploring neighboring countries. Prepare to be charmed by its understated elegance and welcoming atmosphere.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Continent
Europe
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Luxembourger
Independence
Luxembourg achieved independence on June 9, 1815.
Top-Level Domain
.lu
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+352
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+01:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Luxembourg
ISO Alpha-2
LU
ISO Alpha-3
LUX
UN Code
442
Geographic Coordinates
49.75,6.16666666
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
2,586#180 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
690,959#167 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
258.86
Highest Point (m)
The highest point is Kneiff at 560 meters.
Lowest Point (m)
The lowest point is the confluence of the Moselle and Sauer rivers at 133 meters.
Land Use
Approximately 50% of the land is used for agriculture.
Irrigated Land
Irrigated land is minimal in Luxembourg.
Coastline Length
This landlocked country has no coastline.
Climate
Luxembourg has a temperate climate with warm summers and mild winters.
Natural Resources
Luxembourg's natural resources include iron ore.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Belgium, France, Germany
Major Rivers
The major rivers include the Moselle, Sauer, and Alzette.
Major Lakes
Luxembourg has few major lakes.
Government Type
Luxembourg is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.
Administrative Divisions
Luxembourg is divided into 12 cantons.
Legal System
Luxembourg's legal system is based on civil law.
Chief of State
The chief of state is the Grand Duke.
Head of Government
The head of government is the Prime Minister.
Cabinet
The Cabinet of Luxembourg is appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Elections
Elections are held for the Chamber of Deputies.
Judicial Branch
The judicial branch consists of a Supreme Court and other courts.
Legislative Branch
The legislative branch is the Chamber of Deputies.
Major Political Parties
Major political parties include the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), and the Democratic Party (DP).
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Euro
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
101.16#76 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
107.54#102 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
147,252.18#3 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
0.23
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
8.88
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
81.45
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2.26#120 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
355,974
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
6.34#71 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (1993)Checked September 29, 2026
2.9
Budget
Luxembourg has a balanced budget with revenues primarily from taxes and expenditures focused on social programs and infrastructure.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
192.73#35 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
161.21#38 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Luxembourg holds substantial foreign reserves, reflecting its financial center status.
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates can be found at major banks and online financial platforms.
GDP by Sector
Services 88.5%, Industry 11.2%, Agriculture 0.3% (2020).
Major Industries
Financial services, steel, information technology, chemicals, rubber, tourism.
Major Export Partners
Germany, France, Belgium.
Major Import Partners
Germany, Belgium, France.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)
Approximately 100%.
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
9.5
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
6.6
Net Migration Rate
Approximately 10 migrants per 1,000 population (2021).
Median Age
Approximately 40 years (2021 estimate).
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
94.88#19 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Urban population is stable.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
83.2#17 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is low.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
5.89
Ethnic Groups
Luxembourgers 44.5%, Portuguese 16.4%, French 12.6%, Italian 7.8%, Belgian 3.3%, German 2.3%, other 13.1% (2021 estimate).
Religions
Christianity (primarily Roman Catholic), other religions.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
French, German, Luxembourgish
Education
Education System
Public and private schools, trilingual (Luxembourgish, French, German) education.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2018)Checked September 29, 2026
14.3
Government Education Spending
High government spending on education.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
University of Luxembourg.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Mix of European cultures, influenced by its neighbors.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Neijoerschdag (2026-01-01)
- Karfreideg (2026-04-03)
- Ouschterméindeg (2026-04-06)
- Dag vun der Aarbecht (2026-05-01)
- Europadag (2026-05-09)
- Christi Himmelfaart (2026-05-14)
- Péngschtméindeg (2026-05-25)
- Groussherzogsgebuertsdag (2026-06-23)
- Léiffrawëschdag (2026-08-15)
- Allerhellgen (2026-11-01)
- Chrëschtdag (2026-12-25)
- Stiefesdag (2026-12-26)
Popular Music
Mix of international pop, rock, and local artists.
Traditional Food
Judd mat Gaardebounen (smoked pork with broad beans), Gromperekichelcher (potato pancakes).
Sports
Football, cycling, and motorsports are popular.
Major Festivals
Echternach Dancing Procession, various music and cultural festivals.
Famous People
Jean-Claude Juncker (politician), Jeff Strasser (footballer).
Cultural Heritage Sites
Several castles and historical sites.
UNESCO Sites
Luxembourg City: its Old Quarters and Fortifications.
Annual Tourist Visits
Millions of tourist visits annually.
Tourism Overview
Tourism is a significant sector; focuses on culture, history, and nature.
Top Tourist Attractions
Luxembourg City, Vianden Castle, Mullerthal Trail.
Famous Cities
Luxembourg City, Esch-sur-Alzette.
National Parks
No national parks.
Protected Areas
Several protected areas and nature reserves.
Best Time to Visit
Spring, from April to May, offers mild weather perfect for exploring the blooming landscapes and charming cities before the summer crowds arrive. Summer, from June to August, boasts warm temperatures ideal for outdoor activities like hiking in the Mullerthal region or cycling along the Moselle River. The autumn months, September and October, paint the countryside in vibrant hues, making it a picturesque time for scenic drives and wine tasting tours along the Moselle. For city exploration and museum visits, Luxembourg remains an excellent destination year-round, with cozy cafes and indoor attractions readily available. Winter, while chilly, can be magical with festive Christmas markets in Luxembourg City, offering a charmingly different experience. Generally, late spring through early autumn provides the most pleasant weather for a wide range of tourist activities.
Tourist Visa Info
Schengen visa rules apply.
Visa Requirements Overview
Luxembourg, as part of the Schengen Area, adheres to common visa policies. Citizens of many countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom, can enter Luxembourg for tourism purposes for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without requiring a visa. Travelers from certain other countries will need to apply for a Schengen visa before their arrival. It is crucial to verify the specific visa requirements based on your nationality well in advance of your travel plans. Requirements can include a valid passport, proof of sufficient funds, travel insurance, and a return ticket. Always consult official government sources or the nearest Luxembourgish embassy or consulate for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
Travel Advisory
Generally safe; exercise normal precautions.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Luxembourg generally scores highly on healthcare quality indices.
Medical Cost
Medical costs are relatively high compared to some other countries.
Number of Hospitals
Luxembourg has a number of well-equipped hospitals.
Universal Healthcare
Universal healthcare system funded by mandatory health insurance.
Medical Services Overview
Luxembourg offers a comprehensive healthcare system with public and private options.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are readily accessible, with ambulances and rapid response units.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
113
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
112
Emergency Number (Fire)
112
Crime Rate
Low crime rate.
Safety Index
High safety index.
Military Expenditure
Low military expenditure.
Emergency Services Overview
Well-equipped and responsive emergency services.
Safety Overview
Luxembourg is renowned for being one of the safest countries in the world, making it an exceptionally secure destination for tourists. Petty crime like pickpocketing is rare but can occur in crowded tourist areas or on public transport, so it's always wise to be aware of your surroundings. While there are no specific 'no-go' areas for tourists, maintaining standard vigilance in urban centers, especially at night, is advisable. Scams targeting tourists are uncommon, but as a general precaution, be wary of unsolicited offers or individuals asking for money. Emergency services are highly efficient and readily available should you need assistance. You can feel confident exploring Luxembourg's attractions and enjoying its hospitality without significant safety concerns.
Military Branches
Army.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Universal access to electricity.
Water Access
Universal access to improved water sources.
Sanitation Access
Universal access to improved sanitation facilities.
Railways
Well-developed railway network.
Roadways
Well-developed road network.
Transportation System
Well-developed, public transport is free.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Luxembourg-Findel International Airport (LUX)
Ports
No major seaports; river ports on the Moselle.
Public Transit
Extensive bus network, tram in Luxembourg City, and a train network.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
99.13#6 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
High mobile subscriptions.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup scene.
Innovation Index
High innovation index.
ICT Development Index
High ICT Development Index.
TV Broadcast Stations
Multiple TV broadcast stations.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Multiple radio broadcast stations.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C and F, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
10.56#19 of 202
Air Quality Index
Generally good, but can be affected by transboundary pollution.
Water Pollution Level
Generally good, with well-maintained water treatment facilities.
Renewable Energy Usage
Growing, with increasing solar and wind power capacity.
Environmental Issues
Transboundary air pollution, urban sprawl, and waste management.
Natural Hazards
None significant.
Waste Management
Highly developed, with strong emphasis on recycling and waste reduction.
Environmental Agreements
Party to numerous international environmental agreements.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Has diplomatic missions worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
NATO, EU, Eurozone, OECD, Schengen Area
Major Treaties
Numerous EU treaties, Schengen Agreement.
Visa-Free Countries
Citizens enjoy visa-free travel to many countries.