Nigeria
Region
🌍 Africa
Population
👥 223
Currency
💱 Nigerian naira
Languages
🗣️ English
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Nigeria, a vibrant West African nation, beckons travelers with its rich tapestry of cultures, diverse landscapes, and a dynamic spirit. Often celebrated as the 'Giant of Africa,' it boasts a booming creative industry, particularly its world-renowned Nollywood film scene and infectious Afrobeat music. From the lush rainforests of the south to the arid savannas of the north, Nigeria offers a striking geographical diversity. Visitors can explore bustling metropolises like Lagos, rich with history and modern energy, or delve into the ancient heritage of cities like Kano and Ibadan. Expect a sensory feast, from aromatic street food to lively markets and the warm hospitality of its people. For the first-time visitor, Nigeria promises an authentic and unforgettable encounter with Africa's most populous country.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Federal Republic of Nigeria
Continent
Africa
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Nigerian
Independence
October 1, 1960
Top-Level Domain
.ng
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+234
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+01:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Abuja
ISO Alpha-2
NG
ISO Alpha-3
NGA
UN Code
566
Geographic Coordinates
10,8
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
923,768#33 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
223,800,000#6 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
250.21
Highest Point (m)
Chappal Waddi, 2,419 m
Lowest Point (m)
Atlantic Ocean, 0 m
Land Use
40.3% arable land, 2.8% permanent crops, 56.9% other (2018 estimate)
Irrigated Land
1,400 sq km (2012)
Coastline Length
799 km
Climate
Tropical; hot and humid; wet season (April to October), dry season (November to March)
Natural Resources
Crude oil, natural gas, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Niger
Major Rivers
Niger River, Benue River, and numerous other rivers and tributaries.
Major Lakes
Lake Chad (shared with Chad, Cameroon, and Niger), and several smaller lagoons and lakes.
Government Type
Federal republic
Administrative Divisions
36 states and 1 Federal Capital Territory
Legal System
Based on English common law, Islamic law, and customary law
Chief of State
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu
Head of Government
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu
Cabinet
Federal Executive Council appointed by the President.
Elections
President elected by popular vote for a four-year term; elections for state governors, National Assembly members, and local government officials are also held.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Federal High Court, and various state courts
Legislative Branch
Bicameral National Assembly (Senate and House of Representatives)
Major Political Parties
All Progressives Congress (APC), People's Democratic Party (PDP)
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Nigerian naira
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
290.79#50 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2,264.02#19 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,224.25#186 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
22.98
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
16.44
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
58.23
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
23.01#11 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
116,581,818
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3.06#142 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Nigeria's public debt is around 40% of GDP.
Budget
Nigeria's annual budget is approximately $40 billion.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (1960)Checked September 29, 2026
0.39#177 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (1960)Checked September 29, 2026
0.71#179 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Nigeria's foreign reserves are approximately $33 billion.
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates fluctuate; check with a financial institution for current values.
GDP by Sector
The economy is largely based on services, agriculture, and industry, with a significant contribution from oil.
Major Industries
Major industries include crude oil, natural gas, coal, agriculture, and manufacturing.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include India, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United States.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include China, the United States, and India.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
70.41#137 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
32.5
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
11.6
Net Migration Rate
The net migration rate in Nigeria is negative, approximately -0.5 per 1,000 population.
Median Age
The median age in Nigeria is about 18 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
63.78#112 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Nigeria's urbanization rate is approximately 3.4% annually.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
54.6#214 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
The HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Nigeria is around 1.3%.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
4.19
Ethnic Groups
Nigeria is home to numerous ethnic groups, including Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Fulani, and others.
Religions
Nigeria is predominantly Christian and Muslim, with indigenous beliefs also practiced.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
English
Education
Education System
Nigeria's education system is structured with primary, secondary, and tertiary levels; government and private institutions exist.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2011)Checked September 29, 2026
8.7
Government Education Spending
Government expenditure on education in Nigeria fluctuates but is generally below international averages.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities in Nigeria include the University of Ibadan, University of Lagos, and Ahmadu Bello University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Nigeria has a diverse cultural landscape with numerous ethnic groups, each with unique traditions, languages, and art forms.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- New Year's Day (2026-01-01)
- Good Friday (2026-04-03)
- Easter Monday (2026-04-06)
- Workers' Day (2026-05-01)
- Children's Day (2026-05-27)
- Democracy Day (2026-06-12)
- National Day (2026-10-01)
- National Youth Day (2026-11-01)
- Christmas Day (2026-12-25)
- Boxing Day (2026-12-28)
Popular Music
Afrobeats, a genre originating in Nigeria, is hugely popular, alongside other genres like hip-hop and highlife.
Traditional Food
Traditional Nigerian foods include jollof rice, suya (grilled meat), and egusi soup.
Sports
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport, with a strong national team and a passionate following.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include the Calabar Carnival, the Osun-Osogbo Festival, and Eyo Festival.
Famous People
Famous Nigerians include writers like Chinua Achebe, musicians like Burna Boy, and athletes like Nwankwo Kanu.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Nigeria has numerous cultural heritage sites, showcasing its rich history and traditions.
UNESCO Sites
Nigeria has UNESCO World Heritage Sites including Sukur Cultural Landscape and Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove.
Annual Tourist Visits
Fluctuating figures; pre-pandemic numbers were approx. 1 million. Currently recovering post-pandemic.
Tourism Overview
Tourism potential high, but hampered by security concerns and infrastructure limitations. Focus on cultural and natural attractions.
Top Tourist Attractions
Obudu Mountain Resort, Yankari National Park, Zuma Rock, Lekki Conservation Centre, and Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove.
Famous Cities
Lagos, Abuja, Ibadan, Kano, and Port Harcourt.
National Parks
Yankari National Park, Kainji Lake National Park, and Cross River National Park.
Protected Areas
Several national parks, game reserves, and forest reserves. Conservation efforts are ongoing.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Nigeria generally falls within its dry seasons, typically from November to March. This period offers pleasant temperatures and less humidity, making it ideal for exploring cities like Lagos and Abuja, where you can enjoy vibrant street life and cultural attractions. For beach enthusiasts, the southern coastal areas are most enjoyable during these drier months, with calmer seas and sunshine. Hikers and nature lovers will also appreciate the drier conditions for exploring national parks and reserves. Major festivals often coincide with the dry season, providing excellent opportunities to experience Nigerian traditions firsthand. However, the shoulder months of April and October can also be rewarding with fewer crowds and still manageable weather.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa requirements vary. E-visas available for some nationalities. Check requirements based on citizenship.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Nigeria vary significantly depending on your nationality. Many nationalities can obtain a tourist visa through their local Nigerian embassy or consulate prior to travel. It's crucial to check the specific requirements well in advance of your planned trip, as documentation and processing times can differ. Some countries may have visa-on-arrival facilities for short stays, but this is not universal and should be confirmed. You will typically need a valid passport, a completed application form, passport-sized photos, proof of onward travel, and sometimes a letter of invitation. Always consult the official immigration website or the nearest Nigerian diplomatic mission for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
Travel Advisory
Exercise a high degree of caution due to security concerns, particularly in certain regions. Monitor travel advisories.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index for Nigeria is approximately 45.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary widely depending on the facility and treatment required.
Number of Hospitals
Nigeria has a significant number of hospitals; however, specific figures can vary based on data sources.
Universal Healthcare
Nigeria's healthcare system is a mix of public and private providers; universal healthcare coverage is a goal but not yet fully realized.
Medical Services Overview
Medical services are available in urban areas, with a mix of public and private facilities; access can be limited in rural areas.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical access can be limited in certain areas, particularly outside major cities.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police is 112.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for ambulances is 112.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire service is 112.
Crime Rate
The crime rate varies depending on the region; petty and violent crimes exist.
Safety Index
The safety index varies depending on the region; some areas have higher safety ratings than others.
Military Expenditure
Nigeria's military expenditure is a significant portion of its national budget.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services are available, but response times and infrastructure vary across the country.
Safety Overview
While Nigeria is a large and diverse country, it's important for tourists to exercise caution and stay informed. Common scams can include unsolicited offers of assistance or inflated prices in markets; always agree on prices beforehand and be wary of overly friendly strangers. Certain areas, particularly in the northern regions bordering troubled territories, may experience higher levels of insecurity; it's advisable to check current travel advisories and avoid unnecessary travel to these zones. When in major cities like Lagos, be mindful of your belongings in crowded places and avoid displaying excessive wealth. It's recommended to use reputable taxi services and avoid traveling alone at night. Maintaining a low profile and exercising common sense will greatly enhance your safety.
Military Branches
The Nigerian military consists of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access is a challenge, with significant disparities between urban and rural areas.
Water Access
Access to clean water varies, with efforts underway to improve water supply and sanitation.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is a challenge, particularly in rural areas; improvements are needed.
Railways
Nigeria has a railway network, but it's undergoing modernization and expansion.
Roadways
Nigeria has a road network, with a mix of paved and unpaved roads.
Transportation System
The transportation system includes roads, railways, airports, and inland waterways.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Akanu Ibiam International Airport (ENU), Asaba International Airport (ABB), General Tunde Idiagbon International Airport (ILR), Kaduna International Airport (KAD), Maiduguri International Airport (MIU), Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport (KAN)
Ports
Major ports include Lagos Port and Port Harcourt.
Public Transit
Public transit options include buses and taxis; rapid transit systems are emerging in some cities.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
41.21#168 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Approx. 88 per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Growing tech hub, particularly in Lagos. Focus on fintech, e-commerce, and agritech.
Innovation Index
Ranked relatively low, but improving. Challenges include infrastructure and funding.
ICT Development Index
Moderate ICT development; improvements needed in access and usage.
TV Broadcast Stations
Numerous stations, both public and private; diverse programming.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Extensive radio presence with a mix of national, regional, and community stations.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type G, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
0.57#157 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality is poor, especially in urban areas, with high levels of particulate matter.
Water Pollution Level
Significant water pollution from industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff.
Renewable Energy Usage
Limited renewable energy usage, primarily solar and hydropower, with ongoing development.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, soil erosion, oil spills, and desertification are major environmental concerns.
Natural Hazards
Flooding, droughts, and desertification are common natural hazards.
Waste Management
Inadequate waste management infrastructure, leading to widespread littering and open dumping.
Environmental Agreements
Party to international environmental agreements on climate change, biodiversity, and ozone layer protection.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains numerous diplomatic missions worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Commonwealth, African Union, OPEC
Major Treaties
Part of major international treaties, including climate change agreements.
Visa-Free Countries
Nigerian citizens have visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to a limited number of countries.