Nepal
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 30
Currency
💱 Nepalese rupee
Languages
🗣️ Nepali
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Nepal, a landlocked gem in the Himalayas, beckons adventurers and spiritual seekers alike with its unparalleled natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. It is globally renowned as the gateway to the majestic Mount Everest and the birthplace of Lord Buddha. Visitors can explore diverse landscapes, from the subtropical Terai plains in the south to the world's highest mountain ranges in the north. Kathmandu Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offers a captivating glimpse into Nepal's ancient history with its magnificent temples and palaces. Trekking through lush valleys, encountering diverse ethnic groups, and experiencing vibrant Buddhist and Hindu traditions are central to a Nepali journey. A first-time visitor should anticipate a warm welcome, breathtaking scenery, and a deeply immersive cultural experience that engages all the senses.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Nepalese
Independence
This country has no single date of independence; it has a long history of self-governance.
Top-Level Domain
.np
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+977
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+05:45
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Kathmandu
ISO Alpha-2
NP
ISO Alpha-3
NPL
UN Code
524
Geographic Coordinates
28,84
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
147,181#95 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
30,034,040#50 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
207.15
Highest Point (m)
8,848.86 (Mount Everest)
Lowest Point (m)
Approximately 60 meters above sea level.
Land Use
Agricultural land: approximately 28%; forest: approximately 40%.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 12,900 sq km.
Coastline Length
This landlocked country has no coastline.
Climate
Varies greatly with altitude, ranging from subtropical in the lowlands to alpine in the Himalayas.
Natural Resources
Hydropower, timber, lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
China, India
Major Rivers
Kosi, Gandaki, Karnali.
Major Lakes
Rara Lake, Phewa Lake.
Government Type
Federal parliamentary republic.
Administrative Divisions
7 provinces.
Legal System
Based on civil law.
Chief of State
President Ramchandra Paudel.
Head of Government
Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal.
Cabinet
The Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by the Prime Minister.
Elections
Elections for the House of Representatives and provincial assemblies are held every five years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts.
Legislative Branch
Bicameral Parliament (Federal Parliament) consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly.
Major Political Parties
Nepali Congress, Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist), Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), Rastriya Swatantra Party.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Nepalese rupee
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
45.49#104 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
182.9#83 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,535.88#180 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
21.56
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
12.05
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
54.37
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2.65#103 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
8,362,760
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
10.47#35 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2021)Checked September 29, 2026
39.92
Budget
Revenues: $7.5 billion; Expenditures: $8.5 billion (2017 est.)
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
4.02#139 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
15.34#104 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Approximately $9.5 billion (2022 est.)
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates can be found online or at local banks and exchange bureaus.
GDP by Sector
Agriculture (24%), Industry (14%), Services (62%) (2020 est.)
Major Industries
Tourism, carpet weaving, textiles, rice, lentils, jute, sugar cane, oilseeds, cigarettes.
Major Export Partners
India (50%), United States (11%), Germany (5%) (2021).
Major Import Partners
India (60%), China (16%), United Arab Emirates (3%) (2021).
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026
68.71#140 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
19
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7
Net Migration Rate
Approximately -0.9 migrants per 1,000 population (2022 est.)
Median Age
Approximately 24 years (2022 est.)
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
67#99 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Approximately 2.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
70.6#148 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Less than 0.1% (2021 est.)
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
6.16
Ethnic Groups
Various ethnic groups, including Chhetris, Brahmins, Magars, Tharus, Tamangs, Newars, and others.
Religions
Hinduism (81.3%), Buddhism (9%), Islam (4.4%), Kirat (0.5%), Christianity (1.4%), others (3.4%) (2021 est.)
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Nepali
Education
Education System
The Nepali education system consists of primary, secondary, and higher education levels, with both public and private institutions.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026
13.2
Government Education Spending
Government expenditure on education in Nepal is approximately 11-16% of the total budget.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Tribhuvan University is the largest and oldest university in Nepal. Other notable institutions include Kathmandu University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Nepal boasts a rich cultural heritage, with diverse ethnic groups, languages, and religions, reflected in its art, music, and festivals.
National Holidays
Nepal celebrates various national holidays including Democracy Day, Republic Day, and Constitution Day, along with numerous religious festivals.
Popular Music
Nepali pop, folk, and classical music are popular, with influences from Indian and Western music.
Traditional Food
Traditional Nepali cuisine includes Dal Bhat (lentil soup and rice), momos (dumplings), and various curries.
Sports
Cricket and football are popular sports in Nepal, along with traditional sports like Dandi Biyo.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include Dashain, Tihar, and Holi, celebrated with great enthusiasm and cultural significance.
Famous People
Notable figures include the late King Birendra, mountaineers like Nirmal Purja, and artists like Arniko.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Nepal is home to numerous cultural heritage sites, including temples, monasteries, and historical structures.
UNESCO Sites
Nepal has several UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Kathmandu Valley, Lumbini, and Chitwan National Park.
Annual Tourist Visits
Varies significantly, but numbers have increased in recent years (pre-pandemic).
Tourism Overview
Tourism is a vital sector, driven by trekking, mountaineering, cultural heritage, and wildlife.
Top Tourist Attractions
Mount Everest, Kathmandu Valley (temples, palaces), Chitwan National Park, Pokhara, Annapurna region.
Famous Cities
Kathmandu, Pokhara, Patan, Bhaktapur, Biratnagar.
National Parks
Chitwan National Park, Sagarmatha National Park, Langtang National Park, and others.
Protected Areas
Significant percentage of land is protected, including national parks, wildlife reserves, and conservation areas.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Nepal hinges on your preferred activities. For trekking and mountain views, the autumn months of October and November offer clear skies and pleasant temperatures, making it ideal for exploring the Everest and Annapurna regions. Spring, from March to May, is also excellent for trekking, with blooming rhododendrons adding vibrant color to the landscapes. For city exploration in Kathmandu and Pokhara, spring and autumn are comfortable, while the shoulder seasons of late May/early June and late September can also be pleasant with fewer crowds. If you're keen on experiencing festivals, timing your visit around major celebrations like Dashain (September/October) or Tihar (October/November) offers a unique cultural insight, though some transport might be affected. The monsoon season from June to September brings rain, which can be disruptive for trekking but offers lush green scenery and fewer tourists.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa required for most visitors; available on arrival or online.
Visa Requirements Overview
Most foreign nationals can obtain a tourist visa on arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, as well as at land border crossings. The visa duration and fees vary depending on your nationality and length of stay, with options typically ranging from 15 days to 90 days. Indian citizens do not require a visa for Nepal. Travelers from certain countries may need to apply for a visa in advance through a Nepalese embassy or consulate. It is essential to check the latest visa regulations with your country's Nepalese diplomatic mission before your trip, as requirements can change. Ensure your passport has at least six months of validity beyond your intended stay and a blank page for the visa.
Travel Advisory
Exercise caution due to potential for earthquakes, political instability, and altitude sickness.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index varies; improvements are ongoing.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in Nepal are generally lower than in many Western countries.
Number of Hospitals
There are numerous hospitals, clinics, and medical facilities throughout Nepal, but exact figures fluctuate.
Universal Healthcare
Nepal's healthcare system is undergoing reforms to improve access and quality, but universal healthcare is not yet fully established.
Medical Services Overview
Medical services range from basic to specialized, particularly in urban areas; rural access can be limited.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical access exists but can be limited, especially in remote areas.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police in Nepal is 100.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for ambulances in Nepal is 102.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department in Nepal is 101.
Crime Rate
Crime rates in Nepal are generally moderate, with lower rates for violent crimes compared to other regions.
Safety Index
Nepal's safety index is moderate; petty crime can occur, and it's important to take safety precautions.
Military Expenditure
Nepal's military expenditure is relatively low, representing a small percentage of its GDP.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services, including police, ambulance, and fire services, are available, though response times may vary.
Safety Overview
Nepal is generally a safe destination for tourists, with most visitors enjoying their travels without incident. Common tourist scams are usually minor and involve inflated prices for goods or services, particularly in tourist hubs. It's wise to agree on taxi fares beforehand and be wary of overly persistent touts. While major cities are generally safe, exercising usual precautions like being aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded markets and at night, is advisable. For trekking, going with a reputable guide or agency is recommended for safety and support. Avoid walking alone in dimly lit areas late at night. Petty theft can occur, so keeping valuables secure is a good practice. Road travel can be challenging due to varying road conditions and driving styles, so allow ample time for journeys.
Military Branches
The Nepali Army is the primary branch of the military.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access has been improving, but challenges remain in rural areas.
Water Access
Access to improved water sources is relatively good, but varies by location.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is improving, but challenges remain, especially in rural areas.
Railways
Nepal has a small railway network primarily used for freight transport; passenger rail services are limited.
Roadways
Roadways are the primary mode of transportation, though conditions vary greatly.
Transportation System
The transportation system in Nepal includes road, air, and some limited rail transport.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Gautam Buddha International Airport (BWA), Pokhara International Airport (PHH), Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM), Biratnagar Airport (BIR), Janakpur Airport (JKR), Nepalgunj Airport (KEP)
Ports
This landlocked country has no ports.
Public Transit
Public transit options include buses and microbuses, especially in urban areas.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
46.32#162 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Approximately 90-100 mobile subscriptions per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup scene, particularly in Kathmandu, focused on fintech, e-commerce, and education.
Innovation Index
Nepal's innovation index ranking is relatively low, with ongoing efforts to improve.
ICT Development Index
ICT Development Index is low, but improving with infrastructure development.
TV Broadcast Stations
Limited number of TV broadcast stations, with a mix of national and international channels.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Numerous radio stations, including FM, AM and community radio.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C, D, and M sockets, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
0.54#158 of 202
Air Quality Index
Poor air quality, especially in urban areas; high levels of particulate matter.
Water Pollution Level
Significant water pollution from untreated sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff.
Renewable Energy Usage
Significant potential for hydropower; increasing solar and wind energy projects.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, soil erosion, air and water pollution, and wildlife conservation challenges.
Natural Hazards
Earthquakes, floods, landslides, and droughts are prevalent.
Waste Management
Inadequate waste management; open dumping and burning are common practices.
Environmental Agreements
Party to major international environmental agreements.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Has diplomatic missions in various countries.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Member of SAARC, WTO, and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Major Treaties
Participates in climate change and biodiversity conventions.
Visa-Free Countries
Passport holders can travel visa-free to a number of countries.