Peru
Region
🌍 Americas
Population
👥 34
Currency
💱 Peruvian sol
Languages
🗣️ Aymara, Quechua, Spanish
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Peru, a jewel of South America, beckons travelers with its incredible diversity and ancient wonders. It is most famously known for the awe-inspiring Machu Picchu, a testament to the ingenuity of the Inca civilization. Beyond this iconic citadel, Peru boasts a staggering array of landscapes, from the arid coastal deserts and vibrant Pacific beaches to the soaring peaks of the Andes Mountains and the lush, mysterious Amazon rainforest. A first-time visitor can expect a journey rich in history, culture, and unparalleled natural beauty. Prepare to be amazed by the intricate textiles, delicious cuisine, and the warm hospitality of its people. Whether you seek archaeological marvels, breathtaking treks, or vibrant urban experiences, Peru offers an unforgettable adventure.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Peru
Continent
America
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Peruvian
Independence
July 28, 1821 (from Spain)
Top-Level Domain
.pe
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+51
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC-05:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Lima
ISO Alpha-2
PE
ISO Alpha-3
PER
UN Code
604
Geographic Coordinates
-10,-76
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
1,285,216#21 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
34,157,732#46 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
26.44
Highest Point (m)
6,768 (Nevado Huascarán)
Lowest Point (m)
Sea level (Pacific Ocean)
Land Use
Primarily agricultural and forested areas, with significant desert regions.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 1.5 million hectares are under irrigation.
Coastline Length
2,414 km
Climate
Varies; tropical in the east, arid along the coast, temperate in the highlands.
Natural Resources
Copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
Major Rivers
Amazon River, Ucayali River, Marañón River
Major Lakes
Lake Titicaca
Government Type
Republic
Administrative Divisions
25 regions and 1 province (Callao)
Legal System
Civil law system based on the Napoleonic Code; judicial review of legislative acts.
Chief of State
President Dina Boluarte
Head of Government
President Dina Boluarte (functions as head of government)
Cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the President.
Elections
President and Congress elected by popular vote.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court of Justice; Constitutional Tribunal.
Legislative Branch
Unicameral Congress of the Republic.
Major Political Parties
Popular Action, Free Peru, Popular Force, and others.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Peruvian sol
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
334.85#47 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
650.6#47 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
9,684.41#105 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7.47
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
34.32
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
50.87
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1.53#138 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
19,242,514
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5.12#93 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2021)Checked September 29, 2026
35.24
Budget
Information on the current budget is available from the Peruvian Ministry of Economy and Finance.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
100.36#49 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
73.15#56 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Approximately $75 billion (2022 est.)
Currency Exchange
Visit a reputable financial website or bank for current exchange rates.
GDP by Sector
Services, Industry, Agriculture.
Major Industries
Mining, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, tourism.
Major Export Partners
China, United States, Canada, South Korea, Switzerland.
Major Import Partners
United States, China, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
93.66#87 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
15.8
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
5.6
Net Migration Rate
Approximately -0.5 migrants per 1,000 population.
Median Age
Approximately 29 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
85.6#46 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Approximately 0.7% annual rate of change.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
77.9#70 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Less than 0.5% (adult prevalence).
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
5.64
Ethnic Groups
Indigenous (Quechua, Aymara), Mestizo, White, African, Asian.
Religions
Roman Catholic, other Christian, indigenous beliefs.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Aymara, Quechua, Spanish
Education
Education System
Peru's education system is divided into primary, secondary, and higher education, with both public and private institutions.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2017)Checked September 29, 2026
15
Government Education Spending
Peru's government spends approximately 3.5% of its GDP on education.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities include the National University of San Marcos and Pontifical Catholic University of Peru.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Peru boasts a rich cultural heritage, influenced by indigenous cultures, Spanish colonization, and diverse regional traditions.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Año Nuevo (2026-01-01)
- Jueves Santo (2026-04-02)
- Viernes Santo (2026-04-03)
- Domingo Santo (2026-04-05)
- Día del Trabajo (2026-05-01)
- Día de San Pedro y San Pablo (2026-06-29)
- Día de la Fuerza Aérea (2026-07-23)
- Día de la Independencia (2026-07-28)
- Día de la Independencia (2026-07-29)
- Batalla de Junin (2026-08-06)
- Santa Rosa de Lima (2026-08-30)
- Combate de Angamos (2026-10-08)
Popular Music
Popular music genres include cumbia, salsa, Andean folk music, and pop.
Traditional Food
Traditional foods include ceviche, lomo saltado, and aji de gallina.
Sports
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport, followed by volleyball.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include Inti Raymi (Inca Sun Festival) and Fiesta de la Candelaria.
Famous People
Famous people include Mario Vargas Llosa, Nobel laureate; and the former President Alan Garcia.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Peru has numerous archaeological sites, colonial cities, and living cultural traditions.
UNESCO Sites
Peru has 13 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Machu Picchu and the Historic Centre of Lima.
Annual Tourist Visits
Millions of tourist visits annually, with pre-pandemic figures in the millions.
Tourism Overview
Significant tourism sector, with diverse attractions including historical sites and natural landscapes.
Top Tourist Attractions
Machu Picchu, Nazca Lines, Colca Canyon, Lake Titicaca, and the Amazon Rainforest.
Famous Cities
Lima, Cusco, Arequipa, Trujillo, and Iquitos.
National Parks
Diverse national parks, including Manu National Park and Huascarán National Park.
Protected Areas
Significant number of protected areas covering a large percentage of the country.
Best Time to Visit
The dry season, from May to October, is generally considered the best time to visit Peru, especially for exploring the Andes and visiting Machu Picchu. During these months, you'll experience sunny days and minimal rain, ideal for hiking and outdoor activities. Coastal areas, like Lima, are pleasant year-round, though a bit cooler and foggier from June to September. For beach lovers, the northern coast enjoys warm temperatures and sunshine from December to April. If you're interested in festivals, consider visiting during religious celebrations like Semana Santa (Holy Week) in March or April, or the Inti Raymi festival in Cusco in June. Travelers seeking to explore the Amazon rainforest will find it accessible year-round, though wildlife viewing can be particularly good during the slightly drier months of May to November.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa requirements vary depending on nationality; many nationalities can enter visa-free for tourism.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Peru vary significantly depending on your nationality. Many nationalities, including citizens of most North and South American countries, as well as many European nations, can enter Peru for tourism purposes without a visa for stays typically up to 90 days. Other nationalities may require a tourist visa, which should be obtained in advance from a Peruvian embassy or consulate. It is crucial to check the specific requirements for your passport well before your travel dates, as regulations can change. Always ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
Travel Advisory
Exercise a high degree of caution due to crime and potential civil unrest in certain areas; check current advisories.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Information on the healthcare quality index can be found on relevant health and economic databases.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary; inquire directly with healthcare providers.
Number of Hospitals
Peru has numerous hospitals; consult official directories for specific numbers.
Universal Healthcare
Peru has a public healthcare system (EsSalud) and private options, but access and quality vary.
Medical Services Overview
Public and private healthcare systems exist, with varying levels of quality and accessibility.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency services are available; contact local authorities for information.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police is 105.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
Ambulance services can be reached by calling 117.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The fire department can be reached by dialing 116.
Crime Rate
Peru has a moderate crime rate, with petty theft and pickpocketing common in tourist areas.
Safety Index
The safety index is moderate, with varying levels of safety in different regions and times.
Military Expenditure
Peru's military expenditure is around 1.3% of its GDP.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services are available, but response times and resources may vary depending on the location.
Safety Overview
Peru is generally a safe destination for tourists, but like anywhere, it's wise to be aware of your surroundings. Petty theft, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, can occur in crowded areas like markets and bus stations, so keep valuables secure and out of sight. Be cautious of common scams, such as overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited help or insisting on carrying your luggage. In major cities, stick to well-lit and populated areas, especially at night, and use reputable taxis or ride-sharing services. It's advisable to research specific safety recommendations for regions you plan to visit, particularly remote areas or during extended treks. Being vigilant and exercising common sense will greatly contribute to a safe and enjoyable trip.
Military Branches
Peru's military branches consist of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access is generally high in urban areas but can be lower in rural communities.
Water Access
Access to clean water is improving, but disparities exist between urban and rural areas.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is variable, with urban areas generally having better access than rural areas.
Railways
Peru has railways, including the iconic train to Machu Picchu.
Roadways
Roads in Peru range from paved highways to unpaved rural routes; conditions vary widely.
Transportation System
Peru's transportation system includes a mix of air, road, and rail networks.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ), Cap FAP David Abenzur Rengifo International Airport (PCL), Capitán FAP Carlos Martínez de Pinillos International Airport (TRU), Capitán FAP José A. Quiñones González International Airport (CIX), Captain Renán Elías Olivera International Airport (PIO), Coronel FAP Francisco Secada Vignetta International Airport (IQT)
Ports
Major ports are located in Callao and Paita.
Public Transit
Public transit systems include buses and the Metro de Lima.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
81.96#101 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Approximately 90-100 mobile subscriptions per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup scene, particularly in fintech and e-commerce.
Innovation Index
Moderate innovation performance, with room for improvement.
ICT Development Index
Moderate ICT development, with increasing internet penetration.
TV Broadcast Stations
Numerous television broadcast stations, including both public and private channels.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Extensive radio broadcasting, with many stations across different regions.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type A and C, 220V, 60Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
2.02#114 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality varies, with some cities experiencing poor air quality due to vehicle emissions and industrial activity.
Water Pollution Level
Water pollution is a significant issue, particularly in urban areas and near mining activities, impacting rivers and coastal regions.
Renewable Energy Usage
Peru is increasing its renewable energy capacity, mainly through hydropower, solar, and wind projects.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, mining pollution, soil erosion, and climate change impacts pose significant environmental challenges.
Natural Hazards
Peru is prone to earthquakes, floods, landslides, and droughts.
Waste Management
Waste management faces challenges, including inadequate collection and disposal systems, leading to pollution and environmental concerns.
Environmental Agreements
Participates in major international environmental agreements, including those related to climate change, biodiversity, and pollution.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains diplomatic missions globally.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Member of various international organizations, including the World Bank, IMF, and OAS.
Major Treaties
Signatory to major international treaties.
Visa-Free Countries
Citizens can travel visa-free to numerous countries.