Romania
Region
🌍 Europe
Population
👥 19
Currency
💱 Romanian leu
Languages
🗣️ Romanian
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Discover Romania, a land of captivating contrasts where medieval castles whisper tales of history, the Carpathian Mountains offer breathtaking natural beauty, and vibrant cities buzz with modern energy. From the charming villages of Transylvania to the pristine Danube Delta, Romania promises an unforgettable journey filled with rich culture, delicious cuisine, and warm hospitality.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Romania
Continent
Europe
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Romanian
Independence
Romania declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877.
Top-Level Domain
.ro
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+40
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+02:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Bucharest
ISO Alpha-2
RO
ISO Alpha-3
ROU
UN Code
642
Geographic Coordinates
46,25
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
238,391#83 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
19,041,322#69 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
82.84
Highest Point (m)
2,544 meters (Mount Moldoveanu).
Lowest Point (m)
Sea level (Black Sea coast).
Land Use
Agricultural land accounts for approximately 60% of the total land area.
Irrigated Land
Around 300,000 hectares of land are irrigated.
Coastline Length
Romania has a coastline of approximately 225 kilometers along the Black Sea.
Climate
Romania has a temperate continental climate with warm summers and cold winters.
Natural Resources
Romania possesses natural resources including petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, and timber.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine
Major Rivers
The Danube, Prut, Mureș, Olt, and Siret are among Romania's major rivers.
Major Lakes
Romania has numerous lakes, including Lake Razim and Lake Snagov.
Government Type
Semi-presidential republic.
Administrative Divisions
Romania is divided into 41 counties (județe) and the municipality of Bucharest.
Legal System
Based on civil law system.
Chief of State
President Klaus Iohannis.
Head of Government
Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu.
Cabinet
The Cabinet of Romania is appointed by the Prime Minister.
Elections
Elections are held for the presidency and parliament.
Judicial Branch
The judicial branch consists of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, and other courts.
Legislative Branch
Bicameral Parliament: Senate and Chamber of Deputies.
Major Political Parties
Major political parties include the Social Democratic Party (PSD), the National Liberal Party (PNL), and the Save Romania Union (USR).
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Romanian leu
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
428.68#38 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
968.04#34 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
22,537.95#70 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
25.34
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
61.74
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
7.19#38 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
8,244,587
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5.99#74 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Approximately 47% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
Romania's annual budget includes revenues from taxes and expenditures for public services.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
152.11#39 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
174.6#36 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Information on current foreign reserves can be found through the National Bank of Romania.
Currency Exchange
Visit a reputable financial website or bank for current exchange rates.
GDP by Sector
Services, industry, and agriculture.
Major Industries
Automotive, textiles, machinery, and mining.
Major Export Partners
Germany, Italy, France, and Hungary.
Major Import Partners
Germany, Italy, Hungary, and Poland.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2021)Checked September 29, 2026
99.16#27 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7.5
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
12.8
Net Migration Rate
Approximately -0.5 per 1,000 population (2022 est.)
Median Age
Approximately 42 years (2022 est.)
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
52.17#150 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Approximately 0.1% annual rate of change (2020-2025 est.)
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
76.5#89 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Less than 0.1% (2021 est.)
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
5.71
Ethnic Groups
Romanian, Hungarian, Roma, and German.
Religions
Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Romanian
Education
Education System
Romania's education system includes pre-school, primary, secondary, and higher education levels.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2018)Checked September 29, 2026
14.3
Government Education Spending
Romania typically allocates around 3-4% of its GDP to education.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities include the University of Bucharest and Babeș-Bolyai University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Romanian culture blends Eastern and Western influences, with a rich history of folklore, music, and art.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Anul Nou (2026-01-01)
- Anul Nou (2026-01-02)
- Bobotează (2026-01-06)
- Sfântul Ion (2026-01-07)
- Unirea Principatelor Române/Mica Unire (2026-01-24)
- Vinerea mare (2026-04-10)
- Paștele (2026-04-12)
- Paștele (2026-04-13)
- Ziua Muncii (2026-05-01)
- Rusaliile (2026-05-31)
- Ziua Copilului (2026-06-01)
- Rusaliile (2026-06-01)
Popular Music
Popular music genres include folk music, pop, and electronic music.
Traditional Food
Traditional foods include sarmale (cabbage rolls) and mici (grilled minced meat rolls).
Sports
Popular sports include football (soccer), handball, and gymnastics.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include the George Enescu Festival and the Untold Festival.
Famous People
Famous people include Nadia Comăneci (gymnast) and Constantin Brâncuși (sculptor).
Cultural Heritage Sites
Romania has numerous historical sites, including castles, churches, and fortresses.
UNESCO Sites
Romania has several UNESCO World Heritage sites, including the painted monasteries of Bucovina and the Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains.
Annual Tourist Visits
Millions of tourists annually; increasing in recent years.
Tourism Overview
Tourism is growing, offering historical sites, natural beauty, and cultural experiences.
Top Tourist Attractions
Bran Castle (Dracula's Castle), Palace of the Parliament, historical cities (e.g., Sighisoara).
Famous Cities
Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța.
National Parks
Several national parks, showcasing diverse ecosystems like Retezat and Rodna.
Protected Areas
Significant areas under protection, including national parks and other reserves.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Romania depends on your interests. For city exploration and cultural immersion, spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) offer pleasant temperatures and fewer crowds. Summer (July to August) is ideal for enjoying the Black Sea coast with its vibrant beach resorts. Hikers and nature enthusiasts will find late spring and early autumn to be prime time for trekking in the Carpathian Mountains, with lush greenery or colorful foliage. Those interested in traditional festivals, such as those celebrating harvest or folklore, should research specific dates, though many occur during the summer and early autumn months. Overall, shoulder seasons provide a balanced experience with good weather for most activities.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa requirements vary depending on nationality. Schengen Area member.
Visa Requirements Overview
Romania's tourist visa requirements vary significantly depending on a traveler's nationality. Citizens of many EU and Schengen Area countries can enter Romania visa-free for tourism purposes. Tourists from countries like the United States, Canada, and Australia can generally visit for short stays (typically up to 90 days within a 180-day period) without a visa. However, individuals from certain other nations will need to apply for a Schengen visa or a national visa before their arrival. It is crucial for all travelers to verify the specific requirements for their passport well in advance of their planned trip, as rules can change and depend on bilateral agreements. Official government sources are the most reliable for up-to-date information.
Travel Advisory
Travel advisories exist; check your country's guidance for specific details.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Information on healthcare quality is available from various global health indices.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the service and location.
Number of Hospitals
Romania has a network of public and private hospitals.
Universal Healthcare
Romania has a national health insurance system providing access to healthcare.
Medical Services Overview
Romania offers a mix of public and private healthcare services.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available throughout Romania; dial 112.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police is 112.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for the ambulance is 112.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department is 112.
Crime Rate
The crime rate index is moderate compared to other European countries.
Safety Index
The safety index is relatively good in Romania.
Military Expenditure
Romania's military expenditure is approximately 2% of its GDP.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services in Romania are coordinated through the 112 number, providing access to police, ambulance, and fire services.
Safety Overview
Romania is generally a safe country for tourists. Like many European destinations, pickpocketing can occur in crowded tourist areas, particularly in major cities like Bucharest and Brasov, so keeping valuables secure is advisable. Be aware of your surroundings, especially in busy markets or on public transportation. While rare, some minor scams might target tourists, such as inflated taxi fares; it's best to use reputable taxi companies or ride-sharing apps. Outside of major tourist hubs, rural areas are very safe and offer a peaceful experience. Exercise standard caution at night in less populated areas. Overall, with common sense precautions, visitors can have a trouble-free trip.
Military Branches
Romania's military branches include the Land Forces, Air Forces, and Naval Forces.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Access to electricity is nearly universal.
Water Access
Access to clean water is widely available.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is generally available, though may vary between urban and rural areas.
Railways
Romania has a national railway system.
Roadways
Romania has a network of national and regional roadways.
Transportation System
Romania's transportation system includes roads, railways, airports, and public transit.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Avram Iancu Cluj International Airport (CLJ), Bacău George Enescu International Airport (BCM), Brașov-Ghimbav International Airport (GHV), Bucharest Băneasa Aurel Vlaicu International Airport (BBU), Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP), Craiova International Airport (CRA)
Ports
Romania has ports on the Black Sea and the Danube River.
Public Transit
Public transit systems exist in major cities, including buses, trams, and subways.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
91.29#52 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Around 100 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup scene, particularly in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca.
Innovation Index
Moderate innovation performance, improving in recent years.
ICT Development Index
Moderate ICT development, with room for growth.
TV Broadcast Stations
Numerous television stations, including national and regional channels.
Radio Broadcast Stations
A substantial number of radio stations, covering various formats.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C/E, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
3.72#78 of 202
Air Quality Index
Moderate air quality, with pollution from traffic and industry.
Water Pollution Level
Moderate to high, affected by industrial and agricultural runoff.
Renewable Energy Usage
Increasing, with focus on hydro, solar, and wind power.
Environmental Issues
Air and water pollution, deforestation, habitat loss, and soil erosion.
Natural Hazards
Earthquakes, floods, and droughts.
Waste Management
Improving, but still challenges with illegal dumping and recycling.
Environmental Agreements
Part of major international agreements on climate change, biodiversity, and pollution.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Has diplomatic missions worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
NATO, EU, Schengen Area
Major Treaties
Multiple treaties related to EU membership and international law.
Visa-Free Countries
Citizens can travel visa-free to many countries, including most of Europe.