Saudi Arabia
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 35
Currency
💱 Saudi riyal
Languages
🗣️ Arabic
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Discover Saudi Arabia, a land of ancient traditions and breathtaking modern marvels. Explore vibrant souks overflowing with spices and crafts, wander through awe-inspiring desert landscapes, and marvel at futuristic cityscapes. From the historic UNESCO World Heritage sites like Al-Ula and Diriyah to the pristine Red Sea coast offering world-class diving, Saudi Arabia promises an unforgettable journey of discovery.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Saudi Arabian
Independence
September 23, 1932 (Unification of the Kingdom)
Top-Level Domain
.sa
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+966
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+03:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Riyadh
ISO Alpha-2
SA
ISO Alpha-3
SAU
UN Code
682
Geographic Coordinates
25,45
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
2,149,690#14 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
35,325,004#42 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
15.68
Highest Point (m)
3,000 meters (As-Sudah)
Lowest Point (m)
Sea level (Persian Gulf)
Land Use
Primarily desert and barren land; small areas of agricultural land.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 77,550 sq km (2012 estimate)
Coastline Length
2,640 km
Climate
Harsh, arid desert climate with extreme temperatures; cooler in mountainous regions.
Natural Resources
Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Major Rivers
This country has no major rivers.
Major Lakes
This country has no major lakes.
Government Type
Absolute monarchy
Administrative Divisions
13 provinces (mintaqat, singular - mintaqah)
Legal System
Based on Sharia law.
Chief of State
King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Head of Government
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud (Prime Minister)
Cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the King.
Elections
There are no national elections.
Judicial Branch
Sharia courts and a system of specialized courts.
Legislative Branch
Consultative Assembly (Majlis ash-Shura), with limited powers.
Major Political Parties
There are no recognized political parties.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Saudi riyal
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,276.94#19 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2,728.04#17 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
34,536.66#49 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2.59
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
42.97
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
48.93
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2.08#127 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
18,383,677
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3.04#144 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Saudi Arabia's public debt is approximately 25% of GDP.
Budget
Saudi Arabia's budget is heavily influenced by oil revenue, with significant allocations to infrastructure, social programs, and defense.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
379.83#27 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
359.76#27 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Saudi Arabia holds substantial foreign reserves, estimated at approximately $450 billion USD.
Currency Exchange
Visit a reputable financial website for up-to-date currency exchange rates.
GDP by Sector
The Saudi Arabian economy is primarily driven by the oil and gas sector, with significant contributions from manufacturing, construction, and services.
Major Industries
Major industries include oil and gas, petrochemicals, construction, and financial services.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include China, Japan, India, South Korea, and the United States.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include China, the United States, Germany, India, and Japan.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
97.93#46 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
16.5
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
2.3
Net Migration Rate
The net migration rate is approximately 1.5 migrants per 1,000 population.
Median Age
The median age in Saudi Arabia is approximately 32 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
84.61#47 of 214
Urbanization Rate
The urbanization rate is approximately 1.5% annually.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
79#56 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
The HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is very low, estimated at under 0.1%.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
5.69
Ethnic Groups
The population of Saudi Arabia is predominantly Arab, with significant numbers of expatriates from various countries.
Religions
Islam is the state religion, with the majority of the population adhering to Sunni Islam.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Arabic
Education
Education System
The Saudi Arabian education system is primarily state-funded, encompassing primary, secondary, and higher education, with a focus on Islamic principles.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026
16
Government Education Spending
Government expenditure on education in Saudi Arabia is substantial, reflecting a commitment to educational development.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities in Saudi Arabia include King Saud University, King Abdulaziz University, and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Saudi Arabian culture is deeply rooted in Islam and Arab traditions, with a strong emphasis on family, hospitality, and religious observance.
National Holidays
National holidays include Saudi National Day and religious holidays such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.
Popular Music
Popular music includes traditional Arabic music and contemporary genres.
Traditional Food
Traditional foods include Kabsa (a rice and meat dish), dates, and various types of Arabic breads.
Sports
Popular sports include football (soccer), horse racing, and camel racing.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include Eid celebrations and the Janadriyah National Festival for Culture and Heritage.
Famous People
Famous people include religious scholars, athletes, and business leaders.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Saudi Arabia has many sites of cultural heritage, including historical mosques, forts and traditional villages.
UNESCO Sites
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Saudi Arabia include Al-Ula, At-Turaif District in ad-Dir'iyah, and Historic Jeddah.
Annual Tourist Visits
Increasing tourist visits.
Tourism Overview
Developing tourism sector, focused on religious and cultural tourism, and entertainment.
Top Tourist Attractions
Mecca, Medina, AlUla, Red Sea resorts.
Famous Cities
Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, Medina.
National Parks
Several national parks exist.
Protected Areas
Significant protected areas for wildlife and nature conservation.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit Saudi Arabia is generally during the cooler months, from November to March. This period offers pleasant temperatures perfect for exploring cities like Riyadh and Jeddah, as well as historical sites such as Al-Ula. For beach enthusiasts, the Red Sea coast remains enjoyable from October through April, with waters at their most inviting. Outdoor activities and desert adventures, including dune bashing and camping in areas like the Empty Quarter, are best undertaken during these cooler months. Avoid the peak summer heat from June to September, which can be extremely intense across most of the country. Visiting during Ramadan or Eid al-Fitr/al-Adha offers a unique cultural experience, though some businesses may have adjusted opening hours.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa requirements vary, e-visa available for many nationalities.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Saudi Arabia vary significantly depending on your nationality and the purpose of your visit. Many nationalities are eligible for an e-visa, which can be applied for online prior to travel. Alternatively, some travelers may be able to obtain a visa on arrival. It is essential to check the specific requirements for your country of origin well in advance of your trip. Citizens of GCC countries do not require a visa to enter. Business travelers or those visiting for other purposes may have different visa categories and application processes.
Travel Advisory
Exercise caution due to potential security concerns and travel advisories.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index is moderate and improving, with a score around 60.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the service and provider; however, healthcare in Saudi Arabia is generally subsidized by the government.
Number of Hospitals
Saudi Arabia has over 500 hospitals.
Universal Healthcare
Saudi Arabia offers universal healthcare to its citizens, provided primarily through government-funded facilities.
Medical Services Overview
Saudi Arabia offers a comprehensive healthcare system with a mix of public and private hospitals and clinics.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available throughout Saudi Arabia, with varying response times depending on location.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police is 999.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for ambulances is 997.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department is 998.
Crime Rate
The crime rate in Saudi Arabia is generally considered low.
Safety Index
Saudi Arabia typically scores high on safety indices.
Military Expenditure
Saudi Arabia is among the top countries globally in terms of military expenditure.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services, including police, ambulance, and fire departments, are well-established and readily available in Saudi Arabia.
Safety Overview
Saudi Arabia is considered a very safe country for tourists, with low crime rates and a strong emphasis on public order. Petty crime like pickpocketing is rare but remains a possibility in crowded souks or public transport; keeping valuables secure is always advisable. While generally safe, it's wise to be aware of your surroundings, especially in less-trafficked areas late at night. Respect local customs and dress codes to avoid unintentional offense. Scams targeting tourists are uncommon, but standard travel precautions should be taken. It's recommended to stay informed about local laws and customs, which can differ from your home country.
Military Branches
The military branches include the Royal Saudi Land Forces, Royal Saudi Air Force, Royal Saudi Naval Forces, Royal Saudi Strategic Missile Forces and the Saudi Arabian National Guard.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Access to electricity is nearly universal throughout Saudi Arabia.
Water Access
Access to improved water sources is very high in Saudi Arabia.
Sanitation Access
Access to improved sanitation facilities is widely available.
Railways
The railway network is expanding, connecting major cities and facilitating passenger and freight transport.
Roadways
Saudi Arabia has an extensive and well-maintained network of roadways.
Transportation System
The transportation system includes extensive road networks, domestic and international air travel, and expanding railway systems.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Abha International Airport (AHB), Al-Ahsa International Airport (HOF), Al-Jawf International Airport (AJF), Al-Ula International Airport (ULH), Hail International Airport (HAS), King Abdulaziz Air Base (DHA)
Ports
Major ports include Jeddah Islamic Port, King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam, and Jubail Commercial Port.
Public Transit
Public transit options are available in major cities, including buses and, in some cities, metro systems.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
100#1 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
High mobile penetration.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup ecosystem.
Innovation Index
Improving innovation performance.
ICT Development Index
High ICT development index.
TV Broadcast Stations
Numerous TV broadcast stations.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Numerous radio broadcast stations.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type G, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
18.48#8 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality is a significant concern, with high levels of particulate matter and pollutants, especially in urban areas.
Water Pollution Level
Water pollution is a major issue due to industrial waste, sewage, and desalination plant discharge, impacting marine ecosystems and groundwater.
Renewable Energy Usage
Saudi Arabia is investing heavily in renewable energy, particularly solar power, to diversify its energy sources.
Environmental Issues
Key issues include air pollution, water scarcity, desertification, and coastal pollution.
Natural Hazards
Major natural hazards include sandstorms, dust storms, and flash floods.
Waste Management
Waste management faces challenges, including limited recycling infrastructure and increasing waste generation from rapid urbanization.
Environmental Agreements
Participates in numerous international environmental agreements, including those related to climate change, biodiversity, and desertification.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains a substantial network of diplomatic missions worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
G20, Arab League, OPEC
Major Treaties
Participates in major international treaties covering topics such as trade, security, and human rights.
Visa-Free Countries
Citizens can travel visa-free to a number of countries, varying depending on the passport type and agreements.