Türkiye
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 86
Currency
💱 Turkish lira
Languages
🗣️ Turkish
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Türkiye is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It's a destination rich in history and culture, offering a captivating blend of ancient ruins, vibrant bazaars, and stunning natural landscapes.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Türkiye
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Turkish
Independence
October 29, 1923 (from the Ottoman Empire).
Top-Level Domain
.tr
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+90
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+03:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Ankara
ISO Alpha-2
TR
ISO Alpha-3
TUR
UN Code
792
Geographic Coordinates
39,35
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
783,562#37 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
86,092,168#18 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
110.87
Highest Point (m)
5,137 meters (Mount Ararat).
Lowest Point (m)
Sea level.
Land Use
37.5% arable land; 20.3% forest; 42.2% other (2018 estimate).
Irrigated Land
Approximately 6.4 million hectares (2012 estimate).
Coastline Length
7,200 kilometers.
Climate
Temperate; hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters; harsher in the interior.
Natural Resources
Coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, sulfur, arable land, and hydropower.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Syria
Major Rivers
Euphrates, Tigris, Kızılırmak, Seyhan, and Ceyhan.
Major Lakes
Lake Van, Lake Tuz.
Government Type
Presidential republic.
Administrative Divisions
81 provinces.
Legal System
Derived from Swiss civil law, with influences from European and Islamic law.
Chief of State
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Head of Government
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Cabinet
The Cabinet is appointed by the President.
Elections
Presidential elections are held every five years.
Judicial Branch
Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation; Council of State; and regional courts.
Legislative Branch
Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM) – unicameral.
Major Political Parties
AKP (Justice and Development Party), CHP (Republican People's Party), MHP (Nationalist Movement Party), and İYİ Party.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Turkish lira
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,597.29#16 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3,889.31#11 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
18,599.44#80 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5.21
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
24.02
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
59.42
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
34.88#7 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
36,882,225
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
8.52#49 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
26.62
Budget
The Turkish government's annual budget is a complex undertaking with significant expenditures on infrastructure, social programs, and defense.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
396.92#26 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
400.68#23 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Turkey holds foreign reserves, managed by the Central Bank, to stabilize the currency and manage external debt.
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates can be found at major banks and online currency converters.
GDP by Sector
The Turkish economy is primarily driven by services, industry, and agriculture.
Major Industries
Major industries in Turkey include textiles, automotive, construction, tourism, and food processing.
Major Export Partners
Turkey's major export partners include Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Italy.
Major Import Partners
Turkey's major import partners include Russia, China, Germany, and the United States.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2021)Checked September 29, 2026
97.26#56 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
11
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
5.7
Net Migration Rate
Turkey's net migration rate fluctuates; recent data indicates a small positive rate.
Median Age
The median age in Turkey is around 32 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
89.49#32 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Turkey's urbanization rate is moderate, with a gradual shift from rural to urban areas.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
77.4#79 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
The HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Turkey is low.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
4.28
Ethnic Groups
The population of Turkey is predominantly Turkish, with significant Kurdish and other minority groups.
Religions
Islam is the predominant religion in Turkey.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Turkish
Education
Education System
Türkiye's education system is overseen by the Ministry of National Education and includes primary, secondary, and higher education.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2018)Checked September 29, 2026
18.2
Government Education Spending
Türkiye's government spends a significant portion of its budget on education, with figures fluctuating annually.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities in Türkiye include Istanbul University, Middle East Technical University, and Hacettepe University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Türkiye boasts a rich cultural heritage, blending influences from Ottoman, Greek, Roman, and other civilizations.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Yılbaşı (2026-01-01)
- Ramazan Bayramı 1. Gün (2026-03-20)
- Ramazan Bayramı 2. Gün (2026-03-21)
- Ramazan Bayramı 3. Gün (2026-03-22)
- Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı (2026-04-23)
- İşçi Bayramı (2026-05-01)
- Atatürk'ü Anma, Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı (2026-05-19)
- Kurban Bayramı 1. Gün (2026-05-27)
- Kurban Bayramı 2. Gün (2026-05-28)
- Kurban Bayramı 3. Gün (2026-05-29)
- Kurban Bayramı 4. Gün (2026-05-30)
- Demokrasi ve Millî Birlik Günü (2026-07-15)
Popular Music
Turkish popular music includes genres like pop, Arabesque, and Anatolian rock.
Traditional Food
Traditional Turkish food features kebabs, mezes, baklava, and Turkish delight, influenced by diverse culinary traditions.
Sports
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Türkiye, followed by basketball.
Major Festivals
Major festivals in Türkiye include the Istanbul Film Festival and the Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival.
Famous People
Famous Turkish people include authors Orhan Pamuk and Elif Şafak, actor Haluk Bilginer, and footballer Hakan Şükür.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Türkiye has numerous cultural heritage sites, including the Hagia Sophia and Ephesus.
UNESCO Sites
Türkiye has numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites, showcasing its rich history and cultural significance.
Annual Tourist Visits
Millions of annual tourist visits.
Tourism Overview
Popular tourist destination with diverse attractions, including historical sites, beaches, and cultural experiences.
Top Tourist Attractions
Hagia Sophia, Ephesus, Pamukkale, Cappadocia, Topkapi Palace.
Famous Cities
Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Antalya, Bursa.
National Parks
Numerous national parks protecting diverse ecosystems.
Protected Areas
Significant protected areas for biodiversity conservation.
Best Time to Visit
The ideal time to visit Türkiye depends largely on your planned activities. For exploring the historic cities like Istanbul and Ankara, spring (April to May) and autumn (September to October) offer pleasant temperatures and fewer crowds. Beach lovers will find the Mediterranean coast most enjoyable from June to September, with warm, sunny days perfect for swimming and sunbathing. Hikers and outdoor enthusiasts will appreciate the cooler months of spring and autumn for trekking in regions like Cappadocia and the Lycian Way. For experiencing vibrant cultural events and festivals, check local calendars as many occur throughout the year, particularly in the summer months. Ultimately, shoulder seasons often provide a balanced experience for most travelers.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa requirements vary depending on nationality. E-Visa available for many countries.
Visa Requirements Overview
Visa requirements for tourists entering Türkiye vary significantly based on your nationality. Many nationalities can enter visa-free for short stays, typically up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Other travelers may need to obtain an e-Visa online prior to arrival, which is a straightforward process for eligible citizens. Some nationalities are required to apply for a visa at a Turkish embassy or consulate in their home country. It is crucial to check the specific entry requirements for your passport well in advance of your travel dates. Always ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay and has sufficient blank pages.
Travel Advisory
Travel advisories exist; check your government's guidelines.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Turkey's healthcare quality index is moderate and improving.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in Turkey vary, with a mix of public and private healthcare options.
Number of Hospitals
Turkey has a substantial number of hospitals, both public and private, throughout the country.
Universal Healthcare
Türkiye's healthcare system provides universal health insurance coverage, primarily through the Social Security Institution (SGK).
Medical Services Overview
Turkey offers a range of medical services, including public and private hospitals, clinics, and specialized centers.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available throughout Turkey, accessible via a dedicated phone number.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police in Türkiye is 155.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for ambulances in Türkiye is 112.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department in Türkiye is 110.
Crime Rate
Crime rates in Türkiye vary depending on the region; petty crime can be a concern in tourist areas.
Safety Index
The safety index for Türkiye fluctuates; it's generally considered safe, but caution is advised in some areas.
Military Expenditure
Türkiye spends a significant portion of its budget on military expenditure.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services in Türkiye are available for police, ambulance, and fire response, with a centralized 112 system.
Safety Overview
Türkiye is generally a safe country for tourists, with millions visiting without incident. As with any travel destination, it's wise to be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded tourist areas and markets, where petty theft can occur. Be cautious of common scams such as overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited tours or claiming to be police officers, and always negotiate taxi fares or ensure the meter is used. While most areas are safe, exercising common sense in any large urban center is recommended. It's advisable to keep valuables secure and avoid displaying large amounts of cash. Stick to reputable tour operators and be wary of unofficial money exchange. Overall, a vigilant and informed approach ensures a smooth and enjoyable trip.
Military Branches
The Turkish Armed Forces consist of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access in Türkiye is nearly universal.
Water Access
Access to improved water sources in Türkiye is high.
Sanitation Access
Access to improved sanitation facilities in Türkiye is widespread.
Railways
Türkiye has a developing railway network, connecting major cities.
Roadways
Türkiye has a well-developed road network, including highways and motorways.
Transportation System
Türkiye's transportation system includes a mix of roads, railways, air travel, and maritime transport.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Adnan Menderes International Airport (ADB), Antalya International Airport (AYT), Balıkesir Koca Seyit Airport (EDO), Dalaman International Airport (DLM), Esenboğa International Airport (ESB), Gaziantep Oğuzeli International Airport (GZT)
Ports
Türkiye has several major ports, including those in Istanbul, İzmir, and Mersin.
Public Transit
Public transit in major cities includes buses, metros, and trams.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
89.77#62 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Approximately 100 subscriptions per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup ecosystem, particularly in Istanbul and Ankara.
Innovation Index
Moderate innovation performance.
ICT Development Index
Moderate ICT development.
TV Broadcast Stations
Numerous television broadcast stations.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Numerous radio broadcast stations.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C and F, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
5.38#48 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality varies, with urban areas often experiencing higher pollution levels. Monitoring efforts are ongoing.
Water Pollution Level
Water pollution is a concern, particularly from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and inadequate wastewater treatment.
Renewable Energy Usage
Growing renewable energy sector with significant hydro, solar and wind power potential and increasing usage.
Environmental Issues
Air and water pollution, deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change impacts are significant environmental issues.
Natural Hazards
Earthquakes are a major hazard; also prone to floods, landslides, and droughts.
Waste Management
Waste management practices are developing, with efforts to improve recycling, reduce landfill dependence, and manage hazardous waste.
Environmental Agreements
Party to major international environmental agreements, including those on climate change, biodiversity, and ozone depletion.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains numerous diplomatic missions worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
NATO, G20, OECD
Major Treaties
Signed and ratified various international treaties including those on human rights, trade, and environmental protection.
Visa-Free Countries
Offers visa-free access to a substantial number of countries, varying based on passport type and bilateral agreements.