Belgium
Region
🌍 Europe
Population
👥 11
Currency
💱 Euro
Languages
🗣️ Dutch, French, German
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Belgium, a small but mighty European nation, offers a rich tapestry of history, culture, and culinary delights. From the fairytale canals of Bruges to the bustling Grand Place of Brussels and the vibrant art scene of Antwerp, Belgium captivates with its diverse landscapes and world-class attractions.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Kingdom of Belgium
Continent
Europe
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Belgian
Independence
October 4, 1830 (from the Netherlands)
Top-Level Domain
.be
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+32
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+01:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Brussels
ISO Alpha-2
BE
ISO Alpha-3
BEL
UN Code
56
Geographic Coordinates
50.83333333,4
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
30,528#141 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
11,942,772#81 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
386.55
Highest Point (m)
694 meters (Signal de Botrange)
Lowest Point (m)
0 meters (North Sea)
Land Use
Approximately 28% arable land, 23% forest, and 49% other.
Irrigated Land
Small percentage of agricultural land is irrigated.
Coastline Length
65 kilometers
Climate
Temperate; mild winters, cool summers, rain, snow, and cloudiness are frequent.
Natural Resources
Coal, natural gas, construction materials
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands
Major Rivers
Scheldt, Meuse, Yser
Major Lakes
Belgium has numerous small lakes; none are considered major.
Government Type
Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Administrative Divisions
10 provinces, 3 regions (Flanders, Wallonia, Brussels-Capital)
Legal System
Civil law system based on French civil law; judicial review of legislation by the Constitutional Court.
Chief of State
King Philippe
Head of Government
Prime Minister Alexander De Croo
Cabinet
Council of Ministers
Elections
Elections for the Federal Parliament are held every five years.
Judicial Branch
Court of Cassation, courts of appeal, assize courts, tribunals of first instance, and justice of the peace courts.
Legislative Branch
Bicameral Federal Parliament (Chamber of Representatives and Senate)
Major Political Parties
Various parties including Flemish nationalists, socialists, liberals, and greens.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Euro
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
725.47#22 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
891.76#37 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
60,750.27#21 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
0.73
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
18.61
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
71.23
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2.47#108 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5,463,472
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5.91#79 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Belgium's public debt is significant; recent percentages are available from financial sources.
Budget
Belgium's budget information is available in official government publications.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
547.36#19 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
562#18 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Belgium's foreign reserves are managed by the National Bank of Belgium.
Currency Exchange
Exchange rates for the Euro (EUR) are readily available.
GDP by Sector
Services, industry, and agriculture contribute to Belgium's GDP.
Major Industries
Key industries include chemicals, food processing, and machinery.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include Germany, France, and the Netherlands.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include Germany, the Netherlands, and France.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)
Belgium's literacy rate is very high, estimated at over 99%.
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
9.2
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
9.5
Net Migration Rate
Belgium's net migration rate is positive.
Median Age
The median age in Belgium is approximately 42 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
87.67#42 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Belgium's urbanization rate is relatively stable.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
82.3#30 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
HIV/AIDS prevalence in Belgium is relatively low.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
10.8
Ethnic Groups
Ethnic groups include Flemish, Walloons, and others.
Religions
Religions include Roman Catholic, Protestant, and others.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Dutch, French, German
Education
Education System
Structured system with free and compulsory education from ages 6-18. Three main communities (Flemish, French, and German) oversee their own education systems.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2018)Checked September 29, 2026
19.6
Government Education Spending
Relatively high, around 6% of GDP.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
KU Leuven, Ghent University, Université catholique de Louvain, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, University of Liège.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Rich cultural heritage influenced by its location and history. Known for art, architecture, beer, chocolate, and diverse languages.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Nieuwjaar (2026-01-01)
- Goede Vrijdag (2026-04-03)
- Pasen (2026-04-05)
- Paasmaandag (2026-04-06)
- Dag van de arbeid (2026-05-01)
- Onze Lieve Heer hemel (2026-05-14)
- Day after Ascension Day (2026-05-15)
- Pinkstermaandag (2026-05-25)
- Nationale feestdag (2026-07-21)
- Onze Lieve Vrouw hemelvaart (2026-08-15)
- Allerheiligen (2026-11-01)
- Wapenstilstand (2026-11-11)
Popular Music
Diverse, including pop, rock, electronic dance music (EDM), and hip hop. Well-known artists include Stromae and Jacques Brel.
Traditional Food
Frites (fries), waffles, chocolate, moules-frites (mussels with fries), carbonade flamande (beef stew).
Sports
Football (soccer), cycling, tennis, and field hockey are popular.
Major Festivals
Tomorrowland (electronic music festival), Gentse Feesten, Dour Festival.
Famous People
René Magritte (painter), Audrey Hepburn (actress), Jacques Brel (singer-songwriter), Eden Hazard (footballer).
Cultural Heritage Sites
Grand Place (Brussels), Historic Centre of Bruges, numerous museums and galleries.
UNESCO Sites
Grand Place (Brussels), Historic Centre of Bruges, Major Mining Sites of Wallonia, and many others.
Annual Tourist Visits
around 10 million/year
Tourism Overview
Belgium captivates with its rich history, charming medieval towns, and world-class cuisine, particularly its renowned chocolate and beer. Tourists flock to its vibrant cities like Brussels, Bruges, Ghent, and Antwerp, each offering a unique blend of Gothic architecture, art, and lively atmosphere. Beyond the urban centers, visitors can explore the Ardennes region for its natural beauty and outdoor activities. Typical trip styles range from romantic city breaks focused on culture and gastronomy to more active holidays in the countryside. Highlights include iconic landmarks like the Grand Place in Brussels, the canals of Bruges, and the diamond district in Antwerp. Belgium offers a compact yet diverse travel experience, making it accessible and rewarding for a variety of interests.
Top Tourist Attractions
Must-sees include the historic Grand Place in Brussels, the picturesque canals and Belfry of Bruges, the thought-provoking battlefields of Flanders, the impressive Ghent Altarpiece, and the striking Atomium. Don't forget to sample world-renowned Belgian chocolates and beers!
Famous Cities
Belgium boasts vibrant cities like Brussels, the EU's capital, with its Grand Place and Atomium; Bruges, the 'Venice of the North,' famed for its canals and medieval architecture; and Antwerp, a global diamond hub with stunning Gothic churches.
National Parks
- Hoge Kempen National Park: Explore vast heathlands, forests, and sand dunes, ideal for hiking and cycling.
- Kalmthoutse Heide: Discover a beautiful expanse of heathland, pine forests, and wetlands, perfect for nature walks.
- Bosland: Wander through a unique forest landscape with adventure playgrounds and art installations, great for families.
- Vlooyberg Tower: Climb this iconic spiral staircase in a natural setting for panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
- The Plains of Spa: Enjoy rolling hills, forests, and charming villages, offering scenic drives and hiking opportunities.
Protected Areas
—
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Belgium generally falls between spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October) for pleasant weather ideal for exploring its charming cities like Bruges, Brussels, and Ghent. Summer (July to August) offers warmer temperatures, making it suitable for enjoying outdoor cafes and exploring coastal towns, though it can be busier. If your focus is on vibrant city life and museums, the shoulder seasons provide a good balance of favorable weather and fewer crowds. For those interested in specific festivals, research dates as Belgium hosts numerous events throughout the year, from music festivals in summer to Christmas markets in winter. Hiking opportunities, particularly in the Ardennes region, are best enjoyed in spring or autumn when the landscapes are beautiful and the weather is conducive to outdoor activities.
Tourist Visa Info
If your nationality requires a Schengen visa for entry into Belgium, it should be applied for well in advance of your travel date through the Belgian embassy or consulate in your country of residence. The visa application process usually involves submitting a completed form, passport, travel itinerary, proof of accommodation, and financial means. If you are from a visa-exempt country, you can typically enter for tourism for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Ensure your passport has sufficient validity and at least two blank pages. Always confirm the exact requirements for your specific nationality before making travel plans.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Belgium vary significantly depending on your nationality. Citizens of many countries, particularly within the Schengen Area and certain other nations like the United States, Canada, and Australia, can typically enter Belgium for short stays (up to 90 days within a 180-day period) for tourism without a visa. However, citizens from other countries may require a Schengen visa to enter Belgium. It is crucial to check the specific requirements based on your passport well in advance of your travel plans. Applications for Schengen visas are usually made at the Belgian embassy or consulate in your home country.
Travel Advisory
Belgium maintains a high level of safety for tourists. Standard precautions against petty theft in busy urban areas are recommended. While the country has experienced occasional security concerns, these are not typically directed at tourists. It's wise to stay informed about local news and any public announcements, especially during large events. Exercise common sense regarding personal belongings and be aware of your surroundings. Belgium is well-equipped to handle emergencies, and visitors can generally expect a secure and welcoming experience. Always have emergency contact information readily accessible.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Belgium has a high healthcare quality index.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in Belgium are comparable to other developed nations.
Number of Hospitals
Belgium has numerous hospitals; data is available from healthcare statistics.
Universal Healthcare
Universal healthcare through a compulsory health insurance system.
Medical Services Overview
Belgium offers comprehensive medical services, including public and private options.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are readily accessible throughout Belgium.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
112
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
112
Emergency Number (Fire)
112
Crime Rate
—
Safety Index
—
Military Expenditure
—
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services in Belgium are accessible through a unified system. For any urgent medical, police, or fire assistance, dialing the European emergency number 112 connects you to a multilingual operator who can dispatch the appropriate service. This single number covers all emergencies, ensuring prompt and efficient response. Medical emergencies will be handled by ambulance services, while police can be contacted for safety concerns or crimes. Fire services are also available through this number for any fire-related incidents.
Safety Overview
Belgium is a safe country for tourists, with petty crime being the most common concern, particularly in crowded tourist areas and public transport in major cities like Brussels. Be mindful of pickpockets, especially around popular attractions such as the Grand Place and train stations. While scams are not rampant, be cautious of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited help or engaging in distracting behaviors. It's always wise to keep your valuables secure and be aware of your surroundings, especially in bustling marketplaces. Public transport is generally safe, but exercise standard precautions at night. Emergency services are readily available, and police presence is visible in tourist zones.
Military Branches
—
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
—
Water Access
—
Sanitation Access
—
Railways
Extensive network operated by NMBS/SNCB.
Roadways
Driving in Belgium is generally straightforward, with a well-developed network of major highways (autoroutes) connecting cities and regions. The E40 and E19 are key arteries that run through the country. Road conditions are typically good, though urban areas can experience significant traffic congestion, especially during rush hour. While there are no general tolls for passenger cars on Belgian highways, specific tunnels or bridges might have tolls. Renting a car is recommended for exploring more remote areas or the Ardennes region, offering flexibility to discover charming villages and natural landscapes at your own pace. Navigating city centers can be challenging due to narrow streets and parking limitations.
Transportation System
Well-developed, including road, rail, air, and waterways.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Brussels Airport (BRU), Brussels South Charleroi Airport (CRL), Ostend-Bruges International Airport (OST), Antwerp International Airport (Deurne) (ANR), Kortrijk-Wevelgem International Airport (KJK), Liège Airport (LGG)
Ports
—
Public Transit
Belgium boasts an efficient public transportation system, especially within its major cities like Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, and Liège. Travelers can easily navigate urban areas using integrated networks of metro, trams, and buses. Tickets can often be purchased at stations, from ticket machines, or via mobile apps, with day passes or multi-day passes offering good value for extensive travel. In Brussels, the STIB/MIVB operates a comprehensive metro, tram, and bus system. Tram networks are particularly strong in cities like Antwerp and Ghent, connecting key attractions. Reliability is generally high, though occasional delays can occur, particularly during peak hours.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
95.78#23 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
—
Tech Startups
—
Innovation Index
—
ICT Development Index
—
TV Broadcast Stations
—
Radio Broadcast Stations
—
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C/E, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7.31#31 of 202
Air Quality Index
Generally good in rural areas, can be moderate in cities.
Water Pollution Level
Tap water is safe to drink, and surface water quality is generally good.
Renewable Energy Usage
—
Environmental Issues
—
Natural Hazards
Belgium experiences relatively few significant natural hazards. Occasional thunderstorms can occur, especially during the summer months, bringing heavy rain and sometimes hail. Flooding can be an issue in low-lying areas, particularly after prolonged rainfall, though severe events are infrequent. Earthquakes are rare and typically minor. Travelers should be aware of weather forecasts and any local advisories, especially if venturing into rural or hilly regions like the Ardennes during periods of heavy rain.
Waste Management
Belgium has a strong emphasis on recycling and waste separation. In most cities and accommodations, you'll find distinct bins for different types of waste, such as paper, plastic, glass, and organic matter. It's common to sort your household waste accordingly. Travelers should be mindful of these systems and dispose of their trash appropriately. Look for signs indicating recycling points or bin colors. Proper waste disposal helps maintain the cleanliness and beauty of Belgium's urban and natural landscapes.
Environmental Agreements
—
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
—
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
NATO, EU, Eurozone, OECD, Schengen Area
Major Treaties
—
Visa-Free Countries
—