Brazil
Region
🌍 Americas
Population
👥 214
Currency
💱 Brazilian real
Languages
🗣️ Portuguese
This mark means a fact is linked to a checked source. Hover or tap it to see the source. 36 of 141 facts on this page are sourced.
Brazil, the largest country in South America, is a land of dazzling diversity. From the samba rhythms of its cities and the unparalleled beauty of its natural landscapes like the Amazon and Iguazu Falls, to its rich cultural tapestry and warm hospitality, Brazil offers an unforgettable adventure for every traveler.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Federative Republic of Brazil
Continent
America
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Brazilian
Independence
September 7, 1822 (from Portugal)
Top-Level Domain
.br
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+55
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC-05:00, UTC-04:00, UTC-03:00, UTC-02:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Brasília
ISO Alpha-2
BR
ISO Alpha-3
BRA
UN Code
76
Geographic Coordinates
-10,-55
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
8,515,767#6 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
214,211,951#7 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
25.26
Highest Point (m)
2,994 meters (Pico da Neblina)
Lowest Point (m)
Sea level (Atlantic Ocean)
Land Use
56.6% forest, 6.9% arable land, 0.7% permanent crops, 35.8% other
Irrigated Land
70,000 sq km (2012)
Coastline Length
7,491 km
Climate
Mostly tropical; temperate in the south
Natural Resources
Bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, and timber.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
Major Rivers
Amazon, Paraná, and São Francisco
Major Lakes
Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim
Government Type
Federative Republic
Administrative Divisions
26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district (distrito federal)
Legal System
Based on Roman civil law; influenced by Portuguese and other European legal systems; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Tribunal.
Chief of State
President of the Republic
Head of Government
President of the Republic
Cabinet
Council of Ministers
Elections
Presidential elections are held every four years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal)
Legislative Branch
Bicameral National Congress (Congresso Nacional) consisting of the Federal Senate (Senado Federal) and the Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados)
Major Political Parties
Workers' Party (PT), Liberal Party (PL), Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), and others.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Brazilian real
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2,279.92#11 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
4,986.89#8 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
10,713.29#100 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
6.09
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
20.15
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
59.74
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5.02#48 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
108,318,282
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5.97#77 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
81.86
Budget
Brazil's budget reflects government revenues and expenditures.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
406.3#25 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
398.32#24 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Brazil's foreign reserves are substantial; check current figures.
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates can be found on major financial websites.
GDP by Sector
Services, industry, and agriculture contribute to Brazil's GDP.
Major Industries
Industries include agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and services.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include China, the United States, and Argentina.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include China, the United States, and Argentina.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
94.74#79 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
12.1
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7.1
Net Migration Rate
Net migration rate is slightly negative, indicating more emigration than immigration.
Median Age
The median age is approximately 34 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
88.18#39 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Urbanization rate is relatively stable.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
76#97 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
HIV/AIDS prevalence is around 0.4% of the adult population.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
9.73
Ethnic Groups
Brazil's ethnic groups include White, Mixed, Black, Indigenous, and Asian.
Religions
Predominantly Christian, with a significant Catholic population.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Portuguese
Education
Education System
Public and private systems exist. Public education is free. Focus on early childhood, primary, secondary, and higher education.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2011)Checked September 29, 2026
13.9
Government Education Spending
Around 5-6% of GDP.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
University of São Paulo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Campinas.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Diverse culture, influenced by Indigenous, Portuguese, African, and other immigrant groups. Strong emphasis on family, social connections, and community.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Confraternização Universal (2026-01-01)
- Carnaval (2026-02-16)
- Carnaval (2026-02-17)
- Sexta-feira Santa (2026-04-03)
- Domingo de Páscoa (2026-04-05)
- Dia de Tiradentes (2026-04-21)
- Dia do Trabalhador (2026-05-01)
- Corpus Christi (2026-06-04)
- Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932 (2026-07-09)
- Dia da Independência (2026-09-07)
- Nossa Senhora Aparecida (2026-10-12)
- Dia de Finados (2026-11-02)
Popular Music
Samba, Bossa Nova, Sertanejo, Funk Carioca.
Traditional Food
Feijoada, Moqueca, Pão de Queijo, Brigadeiro.
Sports
Football (soccer) is the national sport. Volleyball, basketball, and motorsports are also popular.
Major Festivals
Carnival, Festa Junina.
Famous People
Pelé, Ayrton Senna, Gisele Bündchen, Neymar, Paulo Coelho.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Ouro Preto, Brasilia, Salvador de Bahia (Historic Centre).
UNESCO Sites
Numerous sites, including those listed as Cultural Heritage.
Annual Tourist Visits
around 6 million/year
Tourism Overview
Brazil offers a vast tapestry of experiences, from the iconic beaches of Rio de Janeiro and the vibrant Amazon rainforest to the thundering Iguazu Falls and the colonial charm of Salvador. Typical trips often combine city exploration with natural wonders, catering to adventurers, culture enthusiasts, and beach lovers alike. Travelers can explore the Pantanal wetlands for unparalleled wildlife viewing, discover the architectural marvels of Brasilia, or immerse themselves in the rhythm of samba. Whether seeking bustling metropolises or tranquil natural escapes, Brazil provides diverse opportunities for exploration. Its sheer size means that a single trip rarely covers all its highlights, encouraging return visits to delve deeper into its rich offerings. The country suits those looking for an energetic and diverse travel experience.
Top Tourist Attractions
Marvel at the breathtaking Iguazu Falls, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Wander through the lush Amazon Rainforest, experiencing unparalleled biodiversity. Immerse yourself in the colonial charm of Ouro Preto and the natural wonders of the Pantanal wetlands.
Famous Cities
Explore the vibrant metropolises of Rio de Janeiro, with its iconic Christ the Redeemer and Copacabana Beach, the cultural hub of Salvador, and the modern marvel of São Paulo, Brazil's economic powerhouse.
National Parks
- Iguaçu National Park is home to the spectacular Iguazu Falls.
- Chapada Diamantina National Park features stunning table-top mountains and waterfalls.
- The Pantanal Conservation Complex protects the world's largest tropical wetland.
- Serra da Bocaina National Park offers beautiful Atlantic Forest landscapes and hiking trails.
- Lençóis Maranhenses National Park is famous for its vast white sand dunes dotted with clear lagoons.
- Amazon National Park preserves a vast tract of the Amazon rainforest and its biodiversity.
- Tijuca National Park is an urban rainforest within Rio de Janeiro, offering panoramic views.
- Fernando de Noronha National Marine Park is an archipelago renowned for its pristine beaches and marine life.
Protected Areas
—
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Brazil depends heavily on your desired activities and region. For cities like Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, the shoulder seasons of March to May and September to November offer pleasant weather and fewer crowds. December to February is the peak summer season, ideal for beaches but also very busy and hot, coinciding with Carnival. For hiking and exploring national parks like Chapada Diamantina, the dry season from April to September is generally preferred. The Amazon rainforest is accessible year-round, but water levels can affect boat travel, with the higher water season typically from December to May. The Pantanal is best visited during the dry season from May to September for optimal wildlife viewing.
Tourist Visa Info
For many nationalities, a visa is not required for tourist stays of up to 90 days in Brazil, with the possibility of an extension for another 90 days. However, this is not universal, and you must confirm the rules for your specific country of citizenship. If a visa is required, it's best to apply well in advance of your travel dates at the nearest Brazilian consulate or embassy. Some travelers may be able to obtain an electronic visa, but this should be verified. Always carry a copy of your passport and visa (if applicable) separately from the originals.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Brazil vary significantly based on your nationality. Many countries, including those in North America and much of Europe, do not require a visa for short tourist stays, typically up to 90 days, which can often be extended. However, citizens of certain countries may need to apply for a visa in advance through a Brazilian embassy or consulate. It is crucial to check the specific requirements for your passport well before your travel dates. Some nationalities may also be subject to visa reciprocity, meaning Brazil's rules for their citizens align with their country's rules for Brazilians. Always verify the latest information with official sources.
Travel Advisory
When traveling to Brazil, it's important to be prepared and informed. While the country offers incredible diversity and experiences, being aware of local conditions enhances safety and enjoyment. Common sense precautions, such as securing your belongings and avoiding certain areas at night, are advisable. Familiarizing yourself with local customs and basic Portuguese phrases can also be beneficial. Staying updated on any regional advisories before and during your trip will help ensure a smooth and pleasant journey. It's always wise to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and trip disruptions.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Healthcare quality index varies depending on the region and service.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the type of service and location.
Number of Hospitals
Brazil has a large number of hospitals; specific counts vary.
Universal Healthcare
SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) provides universal healthcare, free at the point of use.
Medical Services Overview
Brazil has a mixed public and private healthcare system.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available in most urban areas.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
190
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
192
Emergency Number (Fire)
193
Crime Rate
—
Safety Index
—
Military Expenditure
—
Emergency Services Overview
Brazil has a centralized emergency number that connects to police, ambulance, and fire services. In case of any emergency, tourists should call this number to get immediate assistance. It is advisable to have the number readily available and to be able to clearly state your location and the nature of the emergency. Local emergency response times can vary depending on the region and severity of the incident. It's also helpful to have contact information for your embassy or consulate in case of serious incidents.
Safety Overview
Brazil is a popular tourist destination, and most visitors have safe and enjoyable trips. However, like any large country, it's important to be aware of your surroundings. Petty theft, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, can occur in crowded tourist areas and on public transport; keeping valuables secure and out of sight is key. Exercise caution, especially at night, and avoid displaying expensive items. Be wary of common scams, such as unsolicited help or offers that seem too good to be true. Researching the safety of specific neighborhoods in major cities before venturing out is a good practice. Staying informed and taking sensible precautions will greatly enhance your safety.
Military Branches
—
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
—
Water Access
—
Sanitation Access
—
Railways
Limited passenger rail network; primarily used for freight transportation.
Roadways
Brazil's road infrastructure varies significantly. Major highways connecting large cities are often well-maintained, though sometimes narrow and with variable traffic. Rural roads can be unpaved and in poor condition, especially during the rainy season. Tolls are common on many intercity highways, and payment is usually in Brazilian Reais. Self-driving can be an option for experienced drivers confident with navigating diverse conditions and local driving habits, but it is not always recommended for tourists unfamiliar with the country. Roadside assistance can be spotty outside of major routes. It is advisable to research specific routes in advance and consider hiring a driver for longer distances or more remote areas.
Transportation System
Vast system including roads, railways, air travel, and waterways. Public transportation varies greatly by city.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Atlas Brasil Cantanhede International Airport (BVB), Cataratas International Airport (IGU), Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre Airport (CGH), Curitiba-Afonso Pena International Airport (CWB), Deputado Luiz Eduardo Magalhães International Airport (SSA), Eduardo Gomes International Airport (MAO)
Ports
—
Public Transit
Major Brazilian cities like São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte boast extensive public transportation networks. These typically include metro systems, bus lines, and sometimes trams or VLTs. Metro systems are generally efficient and a good option for tourists to navigate city centers and reach popular attractions. Bus networks are vast but can be complex for newcomers; using apps or asking locals for guidance is recommended. Ticketing often involves rechargeable smart cards or single-use tickets purchased at stations or onboard. Tourists should be aware that buses can get crowded, especially during peak hours. It's advisable to keep valuables secure and be mindful of your surroundings on all forms of public transit.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
84.46#88 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
—
Tech Startups
—
Innovation Index
—
ICT Development Index
—
TV Broadcast Stations
—
Radio Broadcast Stations
—
Plug Type & Voltage
Type N, 127V/220V, 60Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
2.32#109 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality varies greatly by region, with major urban centers often experiencing moderate to poor air quality due to traffic and industrial activity. Rural and natural areas typically have much better air quality.
Water Pollution Level
Water quality can vary significantly. While popular tourist beaches and pristine natural areas often have good water quality, some urban rivers and coastal areas can be affected by pollution. It's generally advisable to drink bottled water, especially in areas where tap water quality is uncertain.
Renewable Energy Usage
—
Environmental Issues
—
Natural Hazards
Brazil is generally not prone to major natural disasters like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. However, heavy rainfall during the summer months (December to March) can lead to flash floods and landslides in certain areas, particularly in mountainous or urban regions with inadequate drainage. Coastal areas can experience strong currents and occasional rough seas. In the Amazon, seasonal flooding is a natural phenomenon. While not common, isolated thunderstorms can occur, and heatwaves can affect comfort in some regions during warmer periods.
Waste Management
Waste management practices are evolving in Brazil, with varying levels of recycling and organized collection across different cities and regions. In major cities, efforts are being made to improve recycling, but separate waste disposal may not always be clearly indicated. Travelers can contribute by minimizing their waste and disposing of trash in designated bins where available. Be mindful of local practices and avoid littering, especially in natural areas. Some hotels may offer recycling facilities, and smaller establishments might focus on general waste disposal.
Environmental Agreements
—
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
—