China
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 1
Currency
💱 Chinese yuan
Languages
🗣️ Chinese
This mark means a fact is linked to a checked source. Hover or tap it to see the source. 35 of 141 facts on this page are sourced.
China, a land of ancient wonders and modern marvels, invites you to discover a rich tapestry of history, culture, and breathtaking landscapes, from imperial palaces to natural sanctuaries.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
People's Republic of China
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Chinese
Independence
This country has a complex history and does not have a single recognized date of independence.
Top-Level Domain
.cn
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+86
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+08:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Beijing
ISO Alpha-2
CN
ISO Alpha-3
CHN
UN Code
156
Geographic Coordinates
35,105
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
9,706,961#4 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
1,404,890,000#2 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
150.26
Highest Point (m)
8,848.86 meters (Mount Everest)
Lowest Point (m)
Sea level (Turpan Pendi is the lowest point inland)
Land Use
Primarily agricultural land, forests, and urban areas.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 600,000 square kilometers are irrigated.
Coastline Length
14,500 kilometers
Climate
Varies greatly, from tropical in the south to subarctic in the north.
Natural Resources
Coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Afghanistan, Bhutan, Myanmar, Hong Kong, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Macau, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Vietnam
Major Rivers
Yangtze River, Yellow River, Amur River, Mekong River, Pearl River.
Major Lakes
Lake Qinghai, Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake.
Government Type
Socialist republic
Administrative Divisions
23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 special administrative regions.
Legal System
Based on civil law system.
Chief of State
President Xi Jinping
Head of Government
Premier Li Qiang
Cabinet
State Council
Elections
Elections for the National People's Congress are held every five years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme People's Court
Legislative Branch
Unicameral National People's Congress
Major Political Parties
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Chinese yuan
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
19,498.04#2 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
41,259.82#1 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
13,861.97#92 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
6.66
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
35.64
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
57.7
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
0.06#176 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
768,071,923
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
4.62#109 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
China's public debt is approximately 77% of GDP (2022).
Budget
China's annual budget includes significant allocations to infrastructure, social programs, and defense.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
4,108.47#1 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3,292.28#2 of 192
Foreign Reserves
China holds the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, exceeding $3 trillion USD.
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates fluctuate; check with a financial institution for current rates.
GDP by Sector
GDP is primarily driven by services, followed by industry and agriculture.
Major Industries
Major industries include manufacturing, agriculture, and technology.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include the United States, Hong Kong, and Japan.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include Japan, South Korea, and the United States.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2020)Checked September 29, 2026
96.74#61 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
6.8
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7.8
Net Migration Rate
China's net migration rate is slightly negative, indicating more emigration than immigration.
Median Age
China's median age is approximately 38 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
66.34#101 of 214
Urbanization Rate
China's urbanization rate is approximately 0.5% annually.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
78#67 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
HIV/AIDS prevalence in China is approximately 0.1% of the adult population.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
5.94
Ethnic Groups
The Han Chinese constitute the majority, with significant populations of other ethnic groups like Uyghurs, Tibetans, and Mongols.
Religions
Major religions include Buddhism, Taoism, and Islam, with a growing number of Christians.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Chinese
Education
Education System
The education system is state-controlled, with a focus on standardized testing. It includes primary, secondary, and higher education.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2010)Checked September 29, 2026
12.4
Government Education Spending
Around 4% of GDP.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Rich and diverse, influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Strong emphasis on family, respect for elders, and social harmony.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- 元旦 (2026-01-01)
- 春节 (2026-02-17)
- 劳动节 (2026-05-01)
- 端午节 (2026-06-19)
- 中秋节 (2026-09-25)
- 国庆节 (2026-10-01)
Popular Music
C-Pop (Chinese pop), rock, and hip-hop are popular genres.
Traditional Food
Dumplings (jiaozi), noodles, Peking duck, hot pot, and various regional cuisines.
Sports
Table tennis, badminton, basketball, and soccer are popular. China excels in Olympic sports.
Major Festivals
Chinese New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival.
Famous People
Mao Zedong, Confucius, Jackie Chan, Bruce Lee, Yao Ming.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Forbidden City, Great Wall, Terracotta Army.
UNESCO Sites
Numerous sites, including the Great Wall, Forbidden City, Terracotta Army, and various scenic areas.
Annual Tourist Visits
around 65.7 million/year
Tourism Overview
China offers a vast and diverse travel experience, catering to history buffs, culture enthusiasts, adventure seekers, and urban explorers alike. Typical trips often focus on iconic historical sites like the Great Wall and Terracotta Army, alongside vibrant metropolises such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Xi'an. Travelers can explore the natural beauty of landscapes like Guilin's karst mountains or the Sichuan pandas' habitat. China suits those looking for deep cultural immersion, ancient wonders, and modern marvels, from solo backpackers to luxury tour groups.
Top Tourist Attractions
Marvel at the Great Wall of China, explore the Terracotta Army, wander through the Forbidden City, and cruise the Li River in Guilin.
Famous Cities
Experience the vibrant energy of Beijing, the futuristic allure of Shanghai, the ancient charm of Xi'an, and the scenic beauty of Hangzhou.
National Parks
- Zhangjiajie National Forest Park: Famous for its dramatic pillar-like mountains, inspiring the landscapes of the movie Avatar.
- Jiuzhaigou Valley National Park: Renowned for its colorful lakes, cascading waterfalls, and snow-capped peaks.
- Wulingyuan Scenic Area: A UNESCO World Heritage site featuring unique quartz-sandstone pillars and ravines.
- Huangshan (Yellow Mountain) National Park: Known for its dramatic granite peaks, pine trees, and sea of clouds.
- Pudacuo National Park: Home to pristine alpine lakes, meadows, and diverse wildlife in Yunnan.
- Yading Nature Reserve: Often called the 'last Shangri-La' for its sacred mountains and stunning alpine scenery.
- Shennongjia National Nature Reserve: A vast, primeval forest with rich biodiversity and legends of wildmen.
Protected Areas
—
Best Time to Visit
Spring (April-May) and Autumn (September-October) are generally considered the best times to visit China, offering pleasant temperatures for sightseeing in most regions. These shoulder seasons avoid the summer heat and humidity, as well as the peak winter cold in the north. Spring is ideal for enjoying blooming flowers and comfortable city exploration, while autumn offers clear skies and vibrant foliage, perfect for hiking and scenic drives. Summer (June-August) is popular for beach destinations in the south but can be hot and rainy inland. Winter (November-March) is suitable for experiencing snow festivals in the north or enjoying lower prices in southern cities, though many northern areas will be very cold.
Tourist Visa Info
Applying for a Chinese tourist visa typically involves submitting an application form, passport, photos, and supporting documents like flight and hotel bookings. Processing times can vary, so apply well in advance of your trip. Be aware that visa validity and duration of stay are determined by the Chinese authorities at the time of application. In some cases, you might need an invitation letter from a Chinese entity or individual. It's essential to ensure all your documentation is accurate and complete to avoid any issues with your visa application or entry into the country.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for China vary significantly based on your nationality. Most foreign nationals will need to apply for a tourist visa (L visa) in advance from a Chinese embassy or consulate in their home country or country of residence. There are visa-free transit policies for certain nationalities transiting through specific cities for a limited duration, but these have strict conditions. It is crucial to check the specific requirements for your passport well before your planned travel date. Some countries have specific agreements or exemptions, so always consult official sources for the most up-to-date information.
Travel Advisory
When traveling to China, it's advisable to be prepared for cultural differences and communication challenges. While generally safe, be mindful of common tourist scams and keep personal belongings secure. Familiarize yourself with local customs and etiquette to ensure a smooth and respectful journey. It's also recommended to have a translation app handy, as English proficiency can be limited outside major tourist hubs. Staying informed about local conditions and adhering to any official advisories will contribute to a positive travel experience.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The Healthcare Quality and Access Index for China is approximately 63 (2019).
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary widely based on location and type of care.
Number of Hospitals
China has a significant number of hospitals, numbering in the tens of thousands.
Universal Healthcare
China has a universal healthcare system, though access and quality vary. It's undergoing reforms to improve coverage and address inequalities.
Medical Services Overview
China's healthcare system includes public and private hospitals, with a focus on primary care.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available in urban areas; access can be challenging in rural areas.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
110
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
120
Emergency Number (Fire)
119
Crime Rate
—
Safety Index
—
Military Expenditure
—
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services in China are generally responsive. In case of an emergency, it's important to know the correct numbers to dial. For medical emergencies, contact ambulance services, and for police assistance, call the police. Fire services are also available for fire-related incidents. It is advisable to have the emergency numbers readily accessible, perhaps saved in your phone or written down. If you have travel insurance, ensure you know how to contact your provider for assistance as well.
Safety Overview
China is generally a safe country for tourists, with low rates of violent crime. Common issues to be aware of include petty theft, particularly in crowded tourist areas and on public transport, so keeping valuables secure is advised. Be cautious of common scams, such as 'tea ceremony' or 'art student' scams where friendly strangers might invite you to a seemingly innocent engagement that ends with an inflated bill. While major cities are very safe, exercising normal urban precautions is always recommended. Stick to well-lit and populated areas at night, and be aware of your surroundings, especially in busy markets. Generally, tourists can travel with confidence, but basic vigilance is key.
Military Branches
—
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
—
Water Access
—
Sanitation Access
—
Railways
Extensive high-speed rail network and conventional rail lines.
Roadways
China's road infrastructure has rapidly improved, with extensive networks of highways connecting major cities. Driving conditions can vary significantly; while expressways are generally well-maintained, urban traffic can be dense and chaotic. International driving permits are generally not recognized, and obtaining a Chinese driver's license for self-driving can be a complex and lengthy process for tourists. Renting a car and self-driving is therefore not typically recommended for short-term visitors due to licensing challenges and local driving habits. Tolls are common on highways and vary based on distance and road type. Familiarize yourself with local traffic laws and road signs if you do plan to drive.
Transportation System
Well-developed, including high-speed rail, extensive road networks, and a large public transit system in major cities.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Baotou Donghe International Airport (BAV), Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK), Beijing Daxing International Airport (PKX), Changchun Longjia International Airport (CGQ), Changsha Huanghua International Airport (CSX), Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport (CTU)
Ports
—
Public Transit
Major Chinese cities boast extensive and efficient public transportation networks, primarily driven by metro systems. Beijing and Shanghai have some of the busiest subway systems globally, reaching most key attractions and neighborhoods. Ticketing is generally straightforward, with rechargeable transit cards (like the Shanghai Public Transportation Card) being convenient for frequent use, or single-use tickets available at stations. Buses are also ubiquitous and very affordable, though navigating routes can be challenging for non-Mandarin speakers. Trams are less common but operate in select cities. For tourists, using navigation apps that integrate public transit options can be incredibly helpful. Consider getting a local SIM card for easier access to these services.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
91.6#51 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
—
Tech Startups
—
Innovation Index
—
ICT Development Index
—
TV Broadcast Stations
—
Radio Broadcast Stations
—
Plug Type & Voltage
Type A, C, and I sockets are commonly found; 220V, 50Hz.
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
9.32#22 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality can vary significantly by region and season, with some major cities experiencing periods of poor air quality.
Water Pollution Level
Tap water is generally not safe for drinking for tourists; bottled water is widely available and recommended for consumption.
Renewable Energy Usage
—
Environmental Issues
—
Natural Hazards
China is susceptible to a range of natural hazards. Earthquakes are a significant risk, particularly in western and southwestern regions. Typhoons and heavy rainfall can cause flooding and landslides, especially along the coast and in mountainous areas during the summer months. Droughts can occur in northern and northwestern China. Travelers should stay informed about weather forecasts and seismic activity, especially when traveling to vulnerable regions, and follow local advisories.
Waste Management
Waste management systems are improving in major cities, with many implementing separate collection for recyclables like paper, plastic, and metal. However, enforcement and public awareness can vary. Travelers can contribute by looking for designated recycling bins in hotels and public areas. In smaller towns or rural areas, waste disposal might be less organized. It's generally good practice to minimize waste by using reusable items where possible and disposing of trash responsibly in designated receptacles.
Environmental Agreements
—
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
—