Egypt
Region
🌍 Africa
Population
👥 108
Currency
💱 Egyptian pound
Languages
🗣️ Arabic
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Egypt, a land of pharaohs and pyramids, invites you to step back in time. Journey along the life-giving Nile River, explore ancient temples, and marvel at monumental architecture. From the desert landscapes to the turquoise waters of the Red Sea, Egypt offers an unforgettable adventure steeped in millennia of history and culture.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Arab Republic of Egypt
Continent
Africa
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Egyptian
Independence
February 28, 1922 (from the UK)
Top-Level Domain
.eg
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+20
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+02:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Cairo
ISO Alpha-2
EG
ISO Alpha-3
EGY
UN Code
818
Geographic Coordinates
27,30
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
1,002,450#31 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
108,613,296#15 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
115.06
Highest Point (m)
Mount Catherine, 2,629 m
Lowest Point (m)
Qattara Depression, -133 m
Land Use
Agricultural land: 3.6%; forest: 0.1%; other: 96.3% (2018 est.)
Irrigated Land
40,940 sq km (2012)
Coastline Length
2,450 km
Climate
Desert; hot, dry summers; moderate winters
Natural Resources
Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Israel, Libya, Palestine, Sudan
Major Rivers
Nile River
Major Lakes
Lake Nasser, Lake Manzala
Government Type
Republic
Administrative Divisions
27 governorates
Legal System
Mixed legal system of civil, Islamic, and common law
Chief of State
President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Head of Government
Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly
Cabinet
The Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by the President.
Elections
President: election held every 6 years; last held in December 2023. Prime Minister: appointed by the President.
Judicial Branch
Court system with multiple levels, including the Supreme Constitutional Court.
Legislative Branch
Bicameral Parliament consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Major Political Parties
National Future Party, Nation's Future Party
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Egyptian pound
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
365.25#43 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2,391.47#18 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3,085.81#158 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
16.55
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
32.06
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
47.31
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
14.07#16 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
36,106,369
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
6.78#64 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2007)Checked September 29, 2026
85.79
Budget
Egypt's budget includes allocations for various sectors; see government publications for details.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
72.39#54 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
115.11#46 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Egypt holds substantial foreign exchange reserves; consult recent financial reports for figures.
Currency Exchange
Visit a reputable financial website or bank for current exchange rates.
GDP by Sector
Major sectors include services, industry, and agriculture.
Major Industries
Major industries include tourism, petroleum, textiles, and manufacturing.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include the EU, US, and Arab countries.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include China, the EU, and the US.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2022)Checked September 29, 2026
79.45#119 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
20.9
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
5.5
Net Migration Rate
Egypt's net migration rate is slightly negative.
Median Age
The median age in Egypt is approximately 25 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
42.9#165 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Egypt's urbanization rate is around 1.6% annually.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
71.8#137 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
HIV/AIDS prevalence in Egypt is relatively low.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
4.88
Ethnic Groups
The population is predominantly Egyptian, with small groups of other ethnicities.
Religions
Islam is the predominant religion, with a significant Christian minority.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Arabic
Education
Education System
Structured into primary, preparatory, and secondary levels. Significant reforms and expansions underway, but quality and access disparities persist.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2017)Checked September 29, 2026
13.3
Government Education Spending
Varies, but generally around 3-4% of GDP.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Cairo University, Ain Shams University, Alexandria University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Rich history shaped by ancient civilizations, Islam, and various cultural influences. Known for its art, literature, and vibrant cultural traditions.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- عيد الميلاد المجيد (2026-01-07)
- عيد الثورة 25 يناير (2026-01-29)
- Sham El-Nessim (2026-04-13)
- عيد تحرير سيناء (2026-04-25)
- عيد العمال (2026-05-07)
- Eid Al-Adha (2026-05-27)
- Eid Al-Adha (2026-05-28)
- Eid Al-Adha (2026-05-29)
- Eid Al-Adha (2026-05-30)
- Eid Al-Adha (2026-05-31)
- Islamic New Year (2026-06-18)
- ثورة 30 يونيو (2026-07-02)
Popular Music
Includes Shaabi, Mahraganat, and traditional Arabic music, with influences from Western pop.
Traditional Food
Features dishes like Ful Medames (fava beans), Kushari (lentils, rice, and pasta), and Molokhia (jute mallow stew).
Sports
Football (soccer) is the most popular. Other sports include basketball, handball, and squash.
Major Festivals
Sham El-Nessim (spring festival), and various religious celebrations.
Famous People
Includes Gamal Abdel Nasser (politician), Omar Sharif (actor), Naguib Mahfouz (Nobel laureate author), and Mohamed Salah (footballer).
Cultural Heritage Sites
Includes Giza Pyramids, Luxor Temple, Karnak Temple, and Abu Simbel.
UNESCO Sites
Abu Mena, Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis, Historic Cairo, Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Field from Dahshur to Giza, Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae.
Annual Tourist Visits
around 14.7 million/year
Tourism Overview
Egypt offers a captivating blend of ancient wonders and vibrant modern life, making it a prime destination for history buffs, adventure seekers, and cultural enthusiasts. Typical trips focus on exploring iconic archaeological sites like the Pyramids of Giza, Luxor's temples, and the Valley of the Kings. Nile River cruises are a popular way to experience the country's historical heart, connecting major hubs. Coastal resorts in the Red Sea offer world-class diving and relaxation. Travelers interested in archaeology, ancient civilizations, religious history, and beach holidays will find Egypt immensely rewarding. It caters to both independent explorers and those seeking guided tours for in-depth historical understanding.
Top Tourist Attractions
Marvel at the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, timeless symbols of ancient Egypt. Sail the Nile River, witnessing breathtaking temples like Karnak and Luxor. Dive into the vibrant coral reefs of the Red Sea in Sharm El Sheikh and Hurghada. Uncover the treasures of Tutankhamun in Cairo's Egyptian Museum.
Famous Cities
Discover Cairo, a bustling metropolis where ancient wonders meet modern life. Explore Alexandria, the 'Pearl of the Mediterranean,' with its rich Greco-Roman history. Relax in Aswan, the gateway to Nubia, and Luxor, the open-air museum of pharaonic grandeur.
National Parks
- White Desert National Park: Famous for its surreal chalk rock formations and unique desert landscape.
- Ras Muhammad National Park: A premier diving and snorkeling destination with abundant coral reefs and marine life.
- Saint Catherine National Park: Home to Mount Sinai and the ancient Saint Catherine Monastery.
- Wadi El Assal Protected Area: Known for its significant geological features and potential for ecotourism.
- Wadi El Gemal National Park: Offers diverse ecosystems, including mangrove forests and marine protected areas.
- Zaranik Protected Area: A vital wetland for migratory birds along the Mediterranean coast.
Protected Areas
—
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Egypt for comfortable sightseeing of its ancient monuments is during the cooler months, from October to April. This period offers pleasant temperatures for exploring Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan without the intense heat. For beach holidays and diving in the Red Sea, the shoulder seasons of September to November and March to May provide warm weather and good visibility. Summer months (June to August) are extremely hot, especially in Upper Egypt, making early morning or late afternoon excursions essential. Festivals like Sham El Nessim in spring offer cultural experiences, but it's advisable to book accommodations in advance.
Tourist Visa Info
Many visitors can purchase a tourist visa upon arrival at Egyptian airports and ports for a fee, typically valid for 30 days. However, citizens of certain countries are required to apply for their visa in advance from an Egyptian embassy or consulate. Travelers are advised to verify their specific visa requirements with the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs or their local consulate. Ensuring your passport has at least six months of validity beyond your departure date is essential for entry. E-visas are also available for eligible nationalities, offering a convenient online application process.
Visa Requirements Overview
Visa requirements for Egypt vary significantly based on your nationality. Many nationalities can obtain a tourist visa on arrival at major entry points, usually valid for 30 days. Some countries require pre-arranged visas obtained through an Egyptian embassy or consulate. It is crucial to check the specific requirements for your passport well in advance of travel. For longer stays or specific purposes, different visa types may apply. Always ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
Travel Advisory
When traveling to Egypt, maintain awareness of your surroundings, particularly in crowded tourist areas and public transportation. It is advisable to agree on prices for goods and services before engaging. Stick to well-lit and populated areas, especially after dark. Familiarize yourself with local customs and dress modestly when visiting religious sites. While official guidance often advises caution in certain regions, popular tourist itineraries typically remain safe and well-managed.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index for Egypt varies; consult healthcare assessments.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in Egypt vary; check local sources for details.
Number of Hospitals
Egypt has a considerable number of hospitals; specific counts vary and can be found in government health statistics.
Universal Healthcare
Offers a mix of public and private healthcare. Public healthcare is available but often faces resource constraints. Private healthcare is more accessible for those who can afford it.
Medical Services Overview
Medical services range from public to private, with varying standards; tourists should consider travel insurance.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available in urban areas; inquire with local authorities for specific access information.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
122
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
123
Emergency Number (Fire)
180
Crime Rate
—
Safety Index
—
Military Expenditure
—
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services in Egypt are available throughout the country. In case of a medical emergency, an ambulance can be summoned. For police assistance or to report a crime, contact the police. Fire services are also on hand for any fire-related incidents. It's advisable for tourists to have the emergency numbers readily accessible and to clearly state their location and the nature of the emergency when calling.
Safety Overview
Egypt is generally safe for tourists who exercise normal precautions. Common scams include unsolicited guides, inflated prices for souvenirs, and pickpocketing in crowded areas. Be cautious in busy souks and around major tourist sites. It's advisable to agree on prices for taxis and goods before agreeing to purchase or ride. While the vast majority of interactions are positive, it's wise to be aware of your surroundings, especially at night. Stick to well-trafficked areas and consider using reputable tour operators or hotel-arranged transportation for peace of mind.
Military Branches
—
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
—
Water Access
—
Sanitation Access
—
Railways
Extensive railway network connecting major cities, primarily used for passenger transport.
Roadways
Egypt's road network is extensive, connecting major cities and tourist destinations. Major highways are generally paved, but conditions can vary, with potholes and unpredictable traffic being common. Driving standards can be chaotic, with frequent disregard for traffic rules. Tolls are present on some highways, requiring cash payment. Renting a car and self-driving is possible but can be challenging for inexperienced drivers due to the aggressive driving culture and navigation complexities. Many tourists opt for private drivers or taxis for safer and more relaxed transportation.
Transportation System
Relies on a mix of roads, railways, and public transport. Cairo has a metro system.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Alexandria International Airport (HBE), Aswan International Airport (ASW), Asyut International Airport (ATZ), Berenice International Airport / Banas Cape Air Base (EES), Cairo International Airport (CAI), El Alamein International Airport (DBB)
Ports
—
Public Transit
Cairo's metro system is the backbone of public transport, offering an efficient and affordable way to navigate the sprawling capital. It consists of several lines connecting major districts and tourist attractions. Tickets are typically purchased as single-use cards or rechargeable options from stations. In addition to the metro, buses and microbuses (shared minivans) serve various routes, though they can be crowded and less predictable. Alexandria also has a tram system, a charming way to see the city's corniche. For tourists, understanding the metro routes and using ride-sharing apps are recommended for ease of travel within cities.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
74.65#123 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
—
Tech Startups
—
Innovation Index
—
ICT Development Index
—
TV Broadcast Stations
—
Radio Broadcast Stations
—
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C and F, 220V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
2.5#105 of 202
Air Quality Index
Poor air quality, especially in urban areas like Cairo, due to vehicle emissions, industrial activity, and dust.
Water Pollution Level
High levels of water pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and sewage, impacting the Nile River and coastal areas.
Renewable Energy Usage
Growing renewable energy sector, with significant solar and wind power projects underway. Targets for increasing renewable energy share.
Environmental Issues
Air and water pollution, desertification, land degradation, and coastal erosion are major environmental concerns.
Natural Hazards
Droughts, floods, sandstorms, heatwaves, and earthquakes.
Waste Management
Inadequate waste management infrastructure, leading to open dumping, particularly in urban areas. Recycling rates are low.
Environmental Agreements
Party to international agreements on climate change, biodiversity, and desertification.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Has diplomatic missions worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
African Union, Arab League, BRICS
Major Treaties
Significant involvement in treaties related to trade, security and human rights.
Visa-Free Countries
Egyptian citizens can travel visa-free to a limited number of countries.