France
Region
🌍 Europe
Population
👥 69
Currency
💱 Euro
Languages
🗣️ French
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France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. It comprises metropolitan France, a region of islands and overseas territories. Its diverse landscape ranges from the Mediterranean beaches to the snow-capped Alps.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
French Republic
Continent
Europe
DemonymSource: REST Countries
French
Independence
France's modern republic traces its roots to the French Revolution in 1789.
Top-Level Domain
.fr
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+33
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC-10:00, UTC-09:30, UTC-09:00, UTC-08:00, UTC-04:00, UTC-03:00, UTC+01:00, UTC+02:00, UTC+03:00, UTC+04:00, UTC+05:00, UTC+10:00, UTC+11:00, UTC+12:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Paris
ISO Alpha-2
FR
ISO Alpha-3
FRA
UN Code
250
Geographic Coordinates
46,2
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
551,695#49 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
69,081,996#22 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
126.70
Highest Point (m)
Mont Blanc, 4,810 m
Lowest Point (m)
Rhône River delta, -2 m
Land Use
53.6% agricultural land; 31.5% forest; 14.9% other.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 18,300 sq km (2012).
Coastline Length
3,427 km
Climate
Temperate; mild winters and warm summers; Mediterranean climate in the south.
Natural Resources
Coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, uranium, antimony, potash, fish, timber.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Andorra, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, Spain, Switzerland
Major Rivers
Seine, Loire, Rhône, Garonne.
Major Lakes
Lake Geneva (shared with Switzerland), Lake Bourget.
Government Type
Republic
Administrative Divisions
96 metropolitan departments, 5 overseas departments, and 5 overseas collectivities.
Legal System
Civil law system.
Chief of State
President Emmanuel Macron.
Head of Government
Prime Minister Gabriel Attal.
Cabinet
Council of Ministers (appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister).
Elections
Presidential elections are held every five years; legislative elections are also held regularly.
Judicial Branch
Constitutional Council; Court of Cassation; courts of appeal; administrative tribunals.
Legislative Branch
Parliament (National Assembly and Senate).
Major Political Parties
Renaissance (RE), The Republicans (LR), National Rally (RN), France Unbowed (LFI).
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Euro
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3,366.32#7 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
4,396.41#10 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
48,985.73#33 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1.4
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
16.78
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
70.85
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
0.94#153 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
31,862,995
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
7.54#56 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Approximately 112% of GDP (2022 est.).
Budget
The French government's annual budget is substantial, involving billions of Euros in revenue and expenditure.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,124.11#5 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,137.8#5 of 192
Foreign Reserves
The Bank of France manages significant foreign exchange reserves.
Currency Exchange
Visit a reputable financial website or bank for current EUR exchange rates.
GDP by Sector
Services 78.4%, Industry 18.2%, Agriculture 3.4% (2021 est.).
Major Industries
Tourism, machinery, chemicals, automobiles, aerospace, textiles, food processing.
Major Export Partners
Germany, United States, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom.
Major Import Partners
Germany, Italy, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)
Approximately 99%.
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
9.7
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
9.4
Net Migration Rate
Approximately 1.8 migrants per 1,000 population.
Median Age
Approximately 42 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
78.84#65 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Stable urbanization.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
83#23 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is relatively low, around 0.2%.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
11.54
Ethnic Groups
Primarily French, with significant minorities of North African, Portuguese, and other European descent.
Religions
Primarily Roman Catholic, with a significant Muslim minority and smaller Protestant and Jewish communities.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
French
Education
Education System
Centralized, state-controlled system; free and compulsory from ages 6-16; divided into primary, secondary, and higher education.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2018)Checked September 29, 2026
15.8
Government Education Spending
Relatively high; a significant percentage of GDP is allocated to education.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Sorbonne University, PSL University, Université Paris-Saclay, and others.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Rich cultural history; known for art, literature, fashion, cuisine, and philosophy; strong emphasis on values of liberté, égalité, fraternité.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Jour de l'an (2026-01-01)
- Lundi de Pâques (2026-04-06)
- Fête du Travail (2026-05-01)
- Victoire 1945 (2026-05-08)
- Ascension (2026-05-14)
- Lundi de Pentecôte (2026-05-25)
- Fête nationale (2026-07-14)
- Assomption (2026-08-15)
- Toussaint (2026-11-01)
- Armistice 1918 (2026-11-11)
- Noël (2026-12-25)
Popular Music
Diverse genres including pop, rock, electronic music, and French chanson.
Traditional Food
Wide variety, including baguettes, cheese, pastries, stews (boeuf bourguignon, cassoulet), and regional specialties.
Sports
Football (soccer), cycling, rugby, tennis, and skiing are popular.
Major Festivals
Cannes Film Festival, Tour de France, Festival d'Avignon, and many regional festivals.
Famous People
Napoleon Bonaparte, Marie Curie, Coco Chanel, Claude Monet, Zinedine Zidane, and many others.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Numerous chateaux, cathedrals, and historical landmarks.
UNESCO Sites
Over 40 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Mont-Saint-Michel, Palace of Versailles, and the Loire Valley.
Annual Tourist Visits
around 89 million/year
Tourism Overview
France is a quintessential European destination, renowned for its iconic landmarks, world-class cuisine, and rich artistic heritage. Tourists flock to Paris to experience its romantic ambiance, iconic Eiffel Tower, and renowned Louvre Museum, while other popular regions include the lavender fields of Provence, the vineyards of Bordeaux, and the glamorous French Riviera. Typical trip styles range from cultural city breaks focused on art and history to leisurely journeys through picturesque countryside, indulging in local gastronomy and wine. The country offers an incredible diversity of experiences, from exploring medieval castles and charming villages to enjoying sun-drenched beaches and scenic mountain landscapes. Whether seeking artistic inspiration, culinary delights, or breathtaking natural beauty, France promises an unforgettable travel experience. The blend of historic sites, vibrant city life, and stunning natural landscapes makes it a perennial favorite for global travelers.
Top Tourist Attractions
The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an iconic symbol of France. The Louvre Museum houses an immense art collection, including the Mona Lisa. The Palace of Versailles offers a glimpse into royal history. The French Riviera (Côte d'Azur) boasts beautiful beaches and glamorous resorts. The historic Mont Saint-Michel is a tidal island commune. The Loire Valley is celebrated for its magnificent châteaux.
Famous Cities
Paris is the capital and largest city, renowned for its art, fashion, and gastronomy. Other major cities include Lyon, a gastronomic hub; Marseille, a vibrant port city on the Mediterranean; Toulouse, known for its aerospace industry; and Bordeaux, famous for its wine region.
National Parks
- Vanoise National Park: Offers stunning Alpine scenery with opportunities for hiking and wildlife spotting.
- Écrins National Park: Home to dramatic peaks and glaciers, ideal for experienced mountaineers and nature enthusiasts.
- Port-Cros National Park: A Mediterranean gem with pristine beaches, underwater trails for snorkeling, and rich marine life.
- Cévennes National Park: A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve boasting wild landscapes, ancient villages, and starry night skies.
- Calanques National Park: Features dramatic limestone cliffs plunging into turquoise waters, perfect for boat trips and hiking.
- Mercantour National Park: Showcases high mountain ranges and valleys with a unique blend of Mediterranean and Alpine flora and fauna.
Protected Areas
—
Best Time to Visit
France offers diverse experiences throughout the year, making the best time to visit dependent on your interests. For city exploration and cultural immersion in Paris, spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) provide pleasant weather and fewer crowds. Summer (June-August) is ideal for beach destinations along the French Riviera and exploring the countryside with its blooming landscapes. Hikers will find the Alps and Pyrenees most accessible and enjoyable from late spring to early autumn. Festival enthusiasts should check local calendars, as many vibrant events, from music to film, occur during the summer months. Consider early autumn for wine regions like Bordeaux and Burgundy when the harvest season is in full swing and the scenery is particularly beautiful. Overall, spring and autumn generally offer a balance of good weather, fewer tourists, and a wide range of activities.
Tourist Visa Info
If you are not a citizen of a Schengen Area country or a nation with a visa-waiver agreement with France, you will likely need to apply for a Schengen tourist visa before your trip. This visa is typically valid for stays of up to 90 days within any 180-day period. The application process usually involves submitting a detailed application form, passport, travel insurance, proof of accommodation, and financial means. It's recommended to apply at least a few weeks before your intended travel date to allow ample time for processing. Always confirm the latest visa regulations directly with the French embassy or consulate in your country.
Visa Requirements Overview
Visa requirements for France vary significantly based on your nationality and the length of your intended stay. Citizens of many countries, including those within the Schengen Area, can enter France for short stays (typically up to 90 days within a 180-day period) without a visa. For longer stays or for individuals from countries that require a visa, you will generally need to apply for a Schengen visa or a national visa at the French embassy or consulate in your home country. It is essential to check the specific requirements applicable to your nationality well in advance of your travel dates. This often involves providing proof of sufficient funds, travel insurance, and accommodation. Some nationalities may also need to register upon arrival or during their stay depending on the purpose and duration.
Travel Advisory
France is a generally safe destination for travelers. Exercise common sense and be aware of your surroundings, particularly in crowded tourist areas where petty theft can occur. It's advisable to secure your belongings and avoid displaying expensive items. Be cautious of common street scams and generally stick to official services for transportation and tours. While demonstrations can occur, they are usually peaceful; however, it's best to avoid large gatherings. Staying informed about local conditions through reputable news sources is always a good practice.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
France consistently ranks high on healthcare quality indices.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in France vary depending on the service, but the healthcare system offers subsidized access for residents.
Number of Hospitals
France has a substantial number of hospitals providing a wide range of medical services.
Universal Healthcare
Universal healthcare system with public and private options; primarily financed by social security contributions.
Medical Services Overview
France boasts a well-developed healthcare system with public and private options, offering comprehensive medical services.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are readily available throughout France, accessible via the 112 number.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
112
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
112
Emergency Number (Fire)
112
Crime Rate
—
Safety Index
—
Military Expenditure
—
Emergency Services Overview
France has a unified emergency number for all services, making it easy for tourists to get help. Dialing the correct number will connect you to the appropriate service, whether it's police, medical, or fire-related assistance. Emergency operators can usually assist in multiple languages, especially in major tourist areas. It's advisable to know your location and the nature of the emergency before calling.
Safety Overview
France is generally a safe country for tourists, with most visitors enjoying a trouble-free experience. As in any major tourist destination, pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas, particularly around popular attractions, on public transport, and in busy squares; be mindful of your belongings. While rare, some tourists have reported instances of distraction scams or being approached by individuals offering unsolicited help; politely decline and keep moving. It's wise to be aware of your surroundings in less populated or dimly lit areas, especially at night, and to avoid displaying expensive items openly. Using reputable taxis or ride-sharing services is recommended. For added peace of mind, keep copies of your important documents separate from the originals and be aware of emergency numbers.
Military Branches
—
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
—
Water Access
—
Sanitation Access
—
Railways
Extensive high-speed rail network (TGV); operated by SNCF.
Roadways
Driving in France is generally a pleasant experience with a well-maintained network of major highways, known as 'autoroutes'. These are the fastest routes between cities but are often toll roads ('péages'), which can add to travel costs. Smaller national and departmental roads offer more scenic journeys through villages and countryside, though can be slower. Driving is on the right-hand side of the road. Renting a car is highly recommended for exploring regions outside of major cities, providing flexibility and access to remote areas. Road signs are clear and in French, and GPS navigation is very helpful. Be aware of speed limits, which vary by road type and weather conditions.
Transportation System
Highly developed; includes extensive road networks, high-speed rail (TGV), and public transport in cities.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Bastia-Poretta International airport (BIA), Beauvais-Tillé airport (BVA), Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport (BOD), Brest Bretagne airport (BES), Charles de Gaulle International Airport (CDG), Clermont-Ferrand Auvergne airport (CFE)
Ports
—
Public Transit
France boasts an excellent public transportation system, particularly in its major cities. Paris offers an extensive Metro and RER train network, complemented by a comprehensive bus and tram system. Other cities like Lyon, Marseille, and Lille also have efficient metro, tram, and bus networks. Tickets can often be purchased individually, or through day passes, weekly passes, or city-specific travel cards which offer good value for multiple journeys. Reliability is generally high, especially on metro lines, though occasional delays can occur. Navigating cities via public transit is typically straightforward and cost-effective for tourists.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
88.65#70 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
—
Tech Startups
—
Innovation Index
—
ICT Development Index
—
TV Broadcast Stations
—
Radio Broadcast Stations
—
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C/E, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
4#70 of 202
Air Quality Index
Moderate air quality; particularly affected in urban areas by traffic and industry.
Water Pollution Level
Moderate water pollution; issues with agricultural runoff and industrial discharge.
Renewable Energy Usage
Increasing renewable energy usage; focus on solar, wind, and hydropower.
Environmental Issues
Air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, and climate change are key environmental concerns.
Natural Hazards
Floods, droughts, and storms are the most common natural hazards.
Waste Management
Developed waste management infrastructure; recycling and waste reduction initiatives are in place.
Environmental Agreements
Party to numerous international environmental agreements.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Extensive diplomatic network worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
NATO, EU, Eurozone, G7, G20, OECD, Schengen Area
Major Treaties
Key participant in treaties related to climate change, human rights, and trade.
Visa-Free Countries
Citizens can travel visa-free to a large number of countries.