Ghana
Region
🌍 Africa
Population
👥 34
Currency
💱 Ghanaian cedi
Languages
🗣️ English
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Ghana, a gem on West Africa's coast, beckons travelers with its rich history, vibrant culture, and stunning natural beauty. It is best known for its poignant role in the transatlantic slave trade, with numerous forts and castles standing as solemn reminders. Visitors can explore diverse landscapes, from the lush rainforests of Kakum National Park to the expansive beaches of the Atlantic coast. A first-time visitor can expect a warm welcome from the famously hospitable Ghanaian people, a lively atmosphere in its cities, and a deep dive into African heritage. The country offers a compelling blend of historical sites, wildlife encounters, and authentic cultural experiences that make for an unforgettable journey.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Ghana
Continent
Africa
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Ghanaian
Independence
March 6, 1957 (from the UK)
Top-Level Domain
.gh
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+233
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Accra
ISO Alpha-2
GH
ISO Alpha-3
GHA
UN Code
288
Geographic Coordinates
8,-2
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
238,533#82 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
34,378,768#45 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
148.50
Highest Point (m)
Mount Afadjato, 885 meters
Lowest Point (m)
Atlantic Ocean, 0 meters
Land Use
Agricultural land accounts for approximately 60% of the total land area.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 1,180 square kilometers of land is irrigated.
Coastline Length
539 kilometers
Climate
Tropical; warm and humid; two distinct rainy seasons.
Natural Resources
Gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese ore, fish, rubber, hydropower.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Togo
Major Rivers
Volta River, Black Volta, White Volta, and Oti River.
Major Lakes
Lake Volta.
Government Type
Presidential constitutional republic
Administrative Divisions
16 regions
Legal System
Based on English common law and customary law.
Chief of State
President Nana Akufo-Addo
Head of Government
President Nana Akufo-Addo
Cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the President.
Elections
President and Members of Parliament are directly elected.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, and other lower courts.
Legislative Branch
Unicameral Parliament (275 members)
Major Political Parties
New Patriotic Party (NPP) and National Democratic Congress (NDC).
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Ghanaian cedi
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
114.21#70 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
301.91#70 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3,257.16#154 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
21.28
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
29.25
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
42.87
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
14.2#15 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
13,250,486
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2.98#146 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Approximately 77.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Budget
Ghana's budget typically includes expenditures on infrastructure, education, and healthcare.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
29.2#85 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
28.24#84 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Approximately $6.2 billion (2023 est.)
Currency Exchange
Visit a reputable financial website for current exchange rates.
GDP by Sector
Services, industry, and agriculture.
Major Industries
Mining (gold, diamonds, bauxite, manganese), timber, light manufacturing, oil, and agricultural processing.
Major Export Partners
Switzerland, China, India, and the United Kingdom.
Major Import Partners
China, Nigeria, United States, and India.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2021)Checked September 29, 2026
76.49#126 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
25.9
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7
Net Migration Rate
Approximately -0.9 migrants per 1,000 population (2023 est.)
Median Age
Approximately 21.8 years (2023 est.)
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
58.92#132 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Approximately 3% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
65.7#186 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Approximately 1.7% of adults (2021 est.)
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
2.95
Ethnic Groups
Akan, Mole-Dagbani, Ewe, Ga-Adangbe, and other smaller groups.
Religions
Christianity, Islam, and traditional African religions.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
English
Education
Education System
Education system comprises pre-tertiary (basic and secondary) and tertiary levels. Free and compulsory basic education.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026
11.9
Government Education Spending
Government expenditure on education is a significant portion of the national budget.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
University of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University of Cape Coast, University of Education, Winneba.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Ghana is rich in diverse cultures, with influences from various ethnic groups. Traditional values and customs are still very important.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- New Year's Day (2026-01-01)
- Constitution Day (2026-01-07)
- Independence Day (2026-03-06)
- Good Friday (2026-04-03)
- Easter Monday (2026-04-06)
- May Day (2026-05-01)
- Republic Day (2026-07-01)
- Founders Day (2026-09-21)
- Farmers' Day (2026-12-04)
- Christmas Day (2026-12-25)
- Boxing Day (2026-12-26)
Popular Music
Highlife, Afrobeat, Hiplife, and Gospel music are very popular.
Traditional Food
Fufu, Banku, Jollof rice, Kenkey, Groundnut soup.
Sports
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport. Boxing is also well known.
Major Festivals
Homowo, Aboakyer, Fetu Afahye, and others. Many festivals are celebrated across the country.
Famous People
Kwame Nkrumah, Kofi Annan, Asamoah Gyan, Azumah Nelson.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Castles and forts along the coast, museums.
UNESCO Sites
Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions.
Annual Tourist Visits
Around 1.5 million/year
Tourism Overview
Ghana offers a compelling destination for travelers interested in history, culture, and natural beauty. Typical trip styles range from historical and cultural tours focusing on the slave forts and Ashanti heritage to eco-tourism adventures in its national parks and coastal areas. The main regions to explore include the historical coast, the cultural heartland of the Ashanti Region, and the diverse natural landscapes of the Volta and Northern regions. Highlights include immersive cultural experiences, wildlife viewing, and exploring significant historical sites. Ghana is well-suited for travelers seeking authentic encounters, learning about history, and enjoying a welcoming atmosphere, appealing to history buffs, cultural enthusiasts, and adventure seekers alike.
Top Tourist Attractions
- Cape Coast Castle: A formidable historical fortress and museum detailing the slave trade.
- Elmina Castle: The oldest European structure in sub-Saharan Africa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Kakum National Park: Home to an exhilarating canopy walkway through the rainforest.
- Kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum: A memorial dedicated to Ghana's first president in Accra.
- Mole National Park: Ghana's largest wildlife refuge, offering safari experiences.
- Volta Region: Known for its stunning waterfalls like Wli Falls and picturesque landscapes.
- Larabanga Mosque: One of Ghana's oldest and most unique mosques.
- Boti Falls: A scenic waterfall with a beautiful natural setting.
- Teshie Nungua Township: Famous for its unique fantasy coffins.
- Manhyia Palace Museum: The former seat of the Asantehene in Kumasi.
Famous Cities
Accra, the bustling capital, is the vibrant heart of Ghana, offering a mix of modern development and traditional markets like the Makola Market. Cape Coast is a historical hub, primarily known for the UNESCO World Heritage site, Cape Coast Castle. Elmina, just west of Cape Coast, is home to the oldest European structure in sub-Saharan Africa, Elmina Castle, and is a significant fishing port. Kumasi, the capital of the Ashanti Region, is the cultural heartland, offering insight into the powerful Ashanti Kingdom and its traditions, including the Manhyia Palace Museum. Sunyani is a gateway to the Brong Ahafo region, known for its natural beauty and waterfalls. Tamale serves as the main hub for exploring the northern regions, offering access to unique cultural experiences and landscapes.
National Parks
- Mole National Park: Ghana's premier wildlife reserve for safaris.
- Kakum National Park: Famous for its rainforest canopy walkway.
- Bui National Park: Known for its hippos and diverse birdlife.
- Digya National Park: Situated along the Volta Lake, rich in biodiversity.
- Ankasa National Park: A dense tropical rainforest on the western border.
- Shai Hills Resource Reserve: A savannah reserve near Accra, home to baboons.
- Bia National Park: A protected area with significant biodiversity.
Protected Areas
—
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Ghana is generally during the dry seasons, from November to March and July to August. The November to March period offers pleasant temperatures and minimal rainfall, ideal for exploring cities, visiting historical sites, and enjoying the beaches. The July to August period is also relatively dry, though it can be a bit hotter. For those interested in hiking and experiencing lush greenery, the shoulder seasons with occasional rain can be rewarding, particularly if visiting national parks. Rainfall increases significantly from April to June and September to October, which can affect travel plans, especially in rural areas.
Tourist Visa Info
Most foreign nationals require a visa to enter Ghana for tourism purposes. Visas should ideally be obtained in advance from a Ghanaian embassy or consulate. While some exceptions may exist for citizens of specific countries for short stays, it is always best to verify this beforehand. Ensure your passport has sufficient validity and blank pages. Upon arrival, immigration officers may ask for proof of onward travel and sufficient funds. Always carry a copy of your passport and visa separately from the originals.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Ghana vary significantly based on your nationality. Many nationalities require a visa in advance of travel and must apply through a Ghanaian embassy or consulate in their home country or country of residence. Some countries have visa-waiver agreements for short stays, while others may be eligible for visas on arrival under specific conditions, though this is less common for typical tourism. It is essential to check the latest requirements with the Ghanaian immigration authorities or the nearest Ghanaian diplomatic mission well before your planned travel dates, as regulations can change. Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
Travel Advisory
Ghana is generally a welcoming country for tourists, with a strong emphasis on hospitality. Visitors should be aware of common petty crimes in crowded areas and take standard precautions to protect their belongings. Road conditions can be challenging, particularly outside major cities, and traffic can be chaotic. It is advisable to use reputable transportation options. Respect for local customs and traditions is appreciated; dressing modestly when visiting traditional areas or religious sites is recommended. Learning a few basic phrases in Twi or other local languages can enhance your interactions with locals.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index varies based on the specific metric used.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the service and location.
Number of Hospitals
Ghana has a significant number of hospitals, both public and private.
Universal Healthcare
Ghana is working towards universal health coverage. National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) provides access to healthcare.
Medical Services Overview
Ghana has both public and private healthcare facilities, including hospitals, clinics, and health posts.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available in urban areas, but access can be limited in rural regions.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
191
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
112
Emergency Number (Fire)
192
Crime Rate
—
Safety Index
—
Military Expenditure
—
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services in Ghana are available, though response times can vary depending on location and availability. The national emergency number can connect you to police, ambulance, or fire services. It is crucial to have these numbers readily accessible during your stay. In the event of an emergency, stay calm, provide as much detail as possible about your location and the situation, and follow the dispatcher's instructions. For medical emergencies, major cities have hospitals with varying levels of care; private clinics may offer quicker service for a fee.
Safety Overview
Ghana is considered one of the safest countries in West Africa for tourists. However, like any destination, it's wise to be aware of your surroundings. Petty theft, such as pickpocketing, can occur in crowded markets and on public transport, so keeping valuables secure is important. Avoid displaying expensive items openly and be cautious of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited help, as this can sometimes be a precursor to a scam. It's advisable to use reputable taxi services or ride-sharing apps, especially at night. General travel precautions, such as not walking alone late at night in unfamiliar areas, are always recommended.
Military Branches
—
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
—
Water Access
—
Sanitation Access
—
Railways
Limited railway network, primarily for cargo transport.
Roadways
Ghana's road network varies significantly. Major highways connecting key cities are generally paved and in reasonable condition, though potholes can be a common issue. Smaller roads, especially in rural areas, can be unpaved and may become challenging during the rainy season. While self-driving is possible, it's often not recommended for first-time visitors due to the challenging road conditions, unpredictable traffic, and different driving styles. Navigating can also be difficult without local knowledge. Renting a car with a driver is a popular and often more practical option for tourists, allowing for a more comfortable and stress-free experience.
Transportation System
Roads are the primary mode of transportation. Public transport includes buses (tro-tros) and taxis.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Kotoka International Airport (ACC), Prempeh I International Airport (KMS), Yakubu Tali International Airport (TML), Sunyani Airport (NYI), Takoradi Airport (TKD)
Ports
—
Public Transit
In Accra, public transportation primarily consists of 'tro-tros,' which are shared minibuses running on fixed routes. These are a very local and affordable way to get around, though they can be crowded. Longer-distance buses, operated by companies like STC and OA, connect major cities and are generally more comfortable and reliable. Within cities, taxis are widely available, and it's advisable to agree on a fare before starting your journey, as meters are rarely used. Ride-sharing apps are also becoming increasingly popular in Accra. For tourists, using a combination of taxis for shorter trips and intercity buses for longer distances is often the most practical approach.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
72.18#129 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
—
Tech Startups
—
Innovation Index
—
ICT Development Index
—
TV Broadcast Stations
—
Radio Broadcast Stations
—
Plug Type & Voltage
Type G plugs, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
0.7#152 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality is a concern, often exceeding WHO guidelines, particularly in urban areas.
Water Pollution Level
Water pollution is moderate to high, stemming from industrial waste, sewage, and mining activities.
Renewable Energy Usage
Renewable energy usage is growing, with solar and hydro being the primary sources.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, water pollution, soil degradation, and illegal mining pose significant environmental challenges.
Natural Hazards
Floods, droughts, and occasional earthquakes are the main natural hazards.
Waste Management
Waste management faces challenges, with inadequate infrastructure and improper disposal practices leading to environmental issues.
Environmental Agreements
Participates in international environmental agreements, including climate change and biodiversity.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains diplomatic missions in various countries worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Commonwealth, African Union
Major Treaties
Part of major international treaties related to climate change, biodiversity, and human rights.
Visa-Free Countries
Visa-free travel for Ghanaian citizens varies depending on the destination country, often including other African nations.