Indonesia
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 288
Currency
💱 Indonesian rupiah
Languages
🗣️ Indonesian
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Indonesia, an archipelago nation in Southeast Asia, beckons travelers with its breathtaking diversity. From the spiritual allure of Bali and the ancient temples of Java to the orangutan encounters in Borneo and the vibrant underwater worlds of Raja Ampat, Indonesia offers an unparalleled adventure for every kind of explorer. Immerse yourself in rich cultures, savor exquisite cuisine, and discover landscapes that range from volcanic peaks to pristine beaches.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Indonesia
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Indonesian
Independence
August 17, 1945 (declared; recognized December 27, 1949)
Top-Level Domain
.id
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+62
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+07:00, UTC+08:00, UTC+09:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Jakarta
ISO Alpha-2
ID
ISO Alpha-3
IDN
UN Code
360
Geographic Coordinates
-5,120
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
1,904,569#16 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
288,315,089#4 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
148.58
Highest Point (m)
4,884 meters (Puncak Jaya)
Lowest Point (m)
0 meters (Indian Ocean)
Land Use
Agricultural land: 31.1%; forest: 51.5%; other: 17.4% (2018 estimate)
Irrigated Land
38,750 sq km (2012)
Coastline Length
54,716 km
Climate
Tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Natural Resources
Petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soil, coal, gold, silver
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Timor-Leste, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea
Major Rivers
Kapuas River, Barito River, Musi River
Major Lakes
Lake Toba, Lake Poso, Lake Sentarum
Government Type
Presidential republic
Administrative Divisions
38 provinces (provinsi)
Legal System
Civil law system based on Roman-Dutch law, with influences of customary law and Islamic law
Chief of State
President Joko Widodo
Head of Government
President Joko Widodo
Cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
Elections
Presidential and legislative elections are held every five years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung)
Legislative Branch
People's Consultative Assembly (MPR); consisting of the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the Regional Representative Council (DPD)
Major Political Parties
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Golkar Party, Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), NasDem Party, National Awakening Party (PKB), United Development Party (PPP), and others
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Indonesian rupiah
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,445.64#17 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5,045.78#7 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5,059.63#138 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
13.1
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
38.71
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
43.94
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1.91#131 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
147,104,597
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3.24#138 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2009)Checked September 29, 2026
30
Budget
Indonesia's annual budget is in the hundreds of billions of USD.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
330.28#30 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
297#31 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Indonesia's foreign reserves are substantial, often exceeding $140 billion USD.
Currency Exchange
Exchange rates for the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) can be found at major banks and online financial resources.
GDP by Sector
Key sectors include services, manufacturing, and agriculture.
Major Industries
Major industries include oil and gas, textiles, mining, and tourism.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include China, the United States, and Japan.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include China, Singapore, and Japan.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2020)Checked September 29, 2026
96#72 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
15.8
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
7.6
Net Migration Rate
Indonesia generally experiences a low net migration rate, often slightly positive or close to zero.
Median Age
The median age in Indonesia is approximately 30 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
59.39#130 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Indonesia's urbanization rate is around 1.5% annually.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
71.3#142 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
HIV/AIDS prevalence in Indonesia is relatively low, around 0.3%.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
2.7
Ethnic Groups
Indonesia is home to numerous ethnic groups, with Javanese being the largest.
Religions
The majority religion in Indonesia is Islam, with significant Christian, Hindu, and Buddhist minorities.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Indonesian
Education
Education System
The Indonesian education system includes primary, secondary, and higher education. It is overseen by the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Ministry of Religious Affairs.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2018)Checked September 29, 2026
13.6
Government Education Spending
Government spending on education is around 20% of the state budget.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
University of Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University, Bandung Institute of Technology, Airlangga University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Indonesia boasts a diverse culture influenced by indigenous traditions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Western influences. The country is known for its art, music, dance, and cuisine.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Tahun Baru Masehi (2026-01-01)
- Wafat Isa Almasih (2026-04-03)
- Paskah (2026-04-05)
- Hari Buruh Internasional (2026-05-01)
- Kenaikan Isa Almasih (2026-05-14)
- Hari Lahir Pancasila (2026-06-01)
- Hari Ulang Tahun Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia (2026-08-17)
- Hari Raya Natal (2026-12-25)
Popular Music
Dangdut, Pop, Indonesian rock, and Hip-hop are popular genres.
Traditional Food
Nasi Goreng (fried rice), Sate (grilled skewers), Rendang (slow-cooked meat in coconut milk), Gado-Gado (vegetable salad with peanut sauce).
Sports
Badminton is very popular; football (soccer), basketball, and pencak silat are also widely followed.
Major Festivals
Independence Day celebrations, various religious festivals like Eid al-Fitr, and cultural festivals such as the Bali Arts Festival.
Famous People
Sukarno (first president), Joko Widodo (current president), Habibie (former president), Agnes Monica (singer), Joe Taslim (actor).
Cultural Heritage Sites
Borobudur Temple Compounds, Prambanan Temple Compounds, Sangiran Early Man Site, Ujung Kulon National Park.
UNESCO Sites
Borobudur Temple Compounds, Prambanan Temple Compounds, Sangiran Early Man Site, Ujung Kulon National Park, and others.
Annual Tourist Visits
Millions of annual tourist visits.
Tourism Overview
Tourism is a significant sector, attracting visitors with diverse attractions, from beaches and culture to nature.
Top Tourist Attractions
Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, Bali (beaches, temples, cultural sites), Komodo National Park.
Famous Cities
Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Yogyakarta, Bali (Denpasar).
National Parks
Numerous national parks, including Komodo, Ujung Kulon, and Lorentz.
Protected Areas
Significant protected areas for biodiversity conservation.
Best Time to Visit
Indonesia offers diverse experiences year-round, but the dry season from May to September is generally considered ideal for most travelers. During these months, you'll enjoy sunny days perfect for exploring cities like Yogyakarta and experiencing the vibrant cultural festivals. Beach destinations such as Bali and Lombok are at their best with clear skies and calm waters, ideal for swimming, diving, and snorkeling. For hiking enthusiasts, the drier conditions make trails in places like Mount Bromo and the rice terraces of Tegalalang more accessible and enjoyable. While the wet season (October to April) can bring heavy rainfall, it often comes in short bursts, and you can still find good weather for exploring, especially in the earlier or later parts of this period. Festival lovers should check local calendars, as many significant events, like Nyepi in Bali, are tied to the lunar calendar.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa requirements vary by nationality. Many nationalities can enter visa-free or obtain visas on arrival.
Visa Requirements Overview
Visa requirements for Indonesia vary significantly depending on your nationality and the length of your intended stay. Many nationalities are eligible for a visa-free entry for short stays, typically up to 30 days, for tourism purposes. For longer stays or different purposes, a visa on arrival may be available for purchase, or you may need to apply for a visa in advance at an Indonesian embassy or consulate. It is crucial to check the specific requirements for your passport well before your travel date. Some countries have specific visa exemption agreements with Indonesia. Tourist visas generally do not permit work or study. Always ensure your passport has sufficient validity and blank pages as per immigration requirements.
Travel Advisory
Travel advisories exist, with warnings for natural disasters and potential security concerns in certain regions. Check your country's travel advisories.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index in Indonesia is moderate, with ongoing efforts to improve services.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in Indonesia vary depending on the service and location.
Number of Hospitals
Indonesia has thousands of hospitals and clinics, with ongoing expansion.
Universal Healthcare
Indonesia aims for universal health coverage (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN) through BPJS Kesehatan, a social health insurance scheme.
Medical Services Overview
Medical services range from public to private hospitals and clinics.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available in major cities and towns.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
110
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
118 or 119
Emergency Number (Fire)
113
Crime Rate
Moderate crime rate.
Safety Index
Moderate safety index.
Military Expenditure
Moderate military expenditure.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services are available, but response times and resources can vary depending on location. Consider local conditions.
Safety Overview
Indonesia is generally a safe destination for tourists, with millions visiting without incident each year. Standard travel precautions are recommended, such as being aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded markets and tourist hubs where petty theft can occur. Be cautious of common scams, like overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited tours or 'bargaining' for services that are usually free. While most areas are safe, it's advisable to exercise extra caution in remote areas or at night. Stick to well-lit and populated streets. It's also wise to use reputable transportation services, such as official taxis or ride-sharing apps. Keeping copies of your passport and important documents separate from the originals is a good practice. Respecting local customs and dress codes, particularly when visiting religious sites, will also contribute to a smoother and safer trip.
Military Branches
Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI): Army, Navy, Air Force.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
High access rate, but availability and reliability can vary, especially in rural areas.
Water Access
Access to improved water sources is generally good, but disparities exist between urban and rural areas.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is improving but still lags behind water access, with significant disparities.
Railways
Railways are present, primarily on Java and Sumatra, serving passenger and freight transport.
Roadways
Extensive road network; includes highways, toll roads, and local roads, but quality varies.
Transportation System
Indonesia's transportation system includes road, rail, air, and sea transport. Roads are the most common mode.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Adisoemarmo International Airport (SOC), Denpasar I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS), Dortheys Hiyo Eluay International Airport (DJJ), Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport (HLP), Hang Nadim International Airport (BTH), Jenderal Ahmad Yani Airport (SRG)
Ports
Major ports include Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), and Belawan (Medan).
Public Transit
Public transit varies by city. Jakarta has a MRT and TransJakarta bus rapid transit; other cities rely on buses and informal transport.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
72.78#125 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Over 120 per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup ecosystem, particularly in Jakarta.
Innovation Index
Moderate innovation index.
ICT Development Index
Moderate ICT Development Index.
TV Broadcast Stations
Numerous TV broadcast stations, including national and regional channels.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Numerous radio stations across the country.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type C, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
2.87#95 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality is generally poor, especially in urban areas; significant PM2.5 and PM10 levels.
Water Pollution Level
High levels of water pollution from industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff.
Renewable Energy Usage
Growing renewable energy sector, including solar, hydro, geothermal, and wind power.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, air and water pollution, illegal logging, and climate change impacts.
Natural Hazards
Volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and droughts are common.
Waste Management
Inadequate waste management; significant issues with plastic waste and open dumping.
Environmental Agreements
Party to various agreements including the Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and biodiversity conventions.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Has numerous diplomatic missions globally.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
G20, ASEAN
Major Treaties
Key treaties include climate change agreements and trade partnerships.
Visa-Free Countries
Visa-free access to many countries.