Kazakhstan
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 20
Currency
💱 Kazakhstani tenge
Languages
🗣️ Kazakh, Russian
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Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Kazakhstan
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Kazakhstani
Independence
December 16, 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Top-Level Domain
.kz
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+7
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+05:00, UTC+06:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Astana
ISO Alpha-2
KZ
ISO Alpha-3
KAZ
UN Code
398
Geographic Coordinates
48,68
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
2,724,900#10 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
20,618,796#64 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
7.53
Highest Point (m)
7,010 meters (Khan Tengri)
Lowest Point (m)
-132 meters (Karagiye Depression)
Land Use
Mostly used for agriculture and pasture.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 20,000 square kilometers.
Coastline Length
This landlocked country has no coastline.
Climate
Continental, with hot summers and cold winters.
Natural Resources
Oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Major Rivers
Irtysh, Ishim, Ural, Syr Darya.
Major Lakes
Caspian Sea (shared), Aral Sea (shared), Balkhash Lake.
Government Type
Presidential Republic
Administrative Divisions
17 regions (oblasts) and 3 cities with special status.
Legal System
Based on civil law system.
Chief of State
President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Head of Government
Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov
Cabinet
The Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by the President.
Elections
Presidential elections are held every seven years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court
Legislative Branch
Bicameral Parliament (Senate and Mazhilis)
Major Political Parties
Nur Otan (historical dominance, now rebranded), Ak Zhol Democratic Party, People's Party of Kazakhstan
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Kazakhstani tenge
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
306.24#49 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
923.24#36 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
14,692.13#88 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3.74
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
32.35
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
57.7
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
11.39#22 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
10,009,918
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
4.77#105 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
20.89
Budget
Kazakhstan's annual budget is managed by the Ministry of Finance.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
92.07#51 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
74.54#54 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Significant foreign reserves held by the National Bank of Kazakhstan.
Currency Exchange
Information on currency exchange rates can be found at major banks and online financial resources.
GDP by Sector
Services, industry, and agriculture.
Major Industries
Oil and gas, mining, metals, and agriculture.
Major Export Partners
China, Russia, Italy, and Netherlands.
Major Import Partners
Russia, China, Germany, and United States.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2009)Checked September 29, 2026
99.73#14 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
19.5
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
6.7
Net Migration Rate
Approximately -0.9 migrants per 1,000 people.
Median Age
Approximately 31 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
62.39#119 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Approximately 1.1% annual rate of change.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
74.5#111 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Low prevalence rate, around 0.3%.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
3.77
Ethnic Groups
Kazakh (68%), Russian (19%), Uzbek (3%), Ukrainian (1%), and others.
Religions
Islam (70%), Christian (26%), and others.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Kazakh, Russian
Education
Education System
Education system is structured with primary, secondary, and higher education. Mandatory education is 12 years.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026
15.6
Government Education Spending
Around 3-4% of GDP.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakh-British Technical University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Kazakh culture blends nomadic traditions, Turkic heritage, and influences from neighboring countries. Strong emphasis on hospitality and family.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Жаңа жыл (2026-01-01)
- Жаңа жыл (2026-01-02)
- Халықаралық әйелдер күні (2026-03-08)
- Наурыз мейрамы (2026-03-21)
- Наурыз мейрамы (2026-03-22)
- Наурыз мейрамы (2026-03-23)
- Қазақстан халқының (2026-05-01)
- Отан Қорғаушы күні (2026-05-07)
- Жеңіс күні (2026-05-09)
- Астана күні (2026-07-06)
- Конституция күні (2026-08-30)
- Республика күні (2026-10-25)
Popular Music
Kazakh pop music, traditional folk music, and Russian pop influence.
Traditional Food
Besbarmak (boiled meat with noodles), plov (rice pilaf), and kumis (fermented mare's milk).
Sports
Football, ice hockey, bandy, and wrestling are popular.
Major Festivals
Nauryz Meiram, various music and film festivals.
Famous People
Kazakh writers like Mukhtar Auezov, musicians like Dimash Kudaibergen, and athletes like Gennady Golovkin.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Turkistan's Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Tamgaly archeological landscape.
UNESCO Sites
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly, Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan.
Annual Tourist Visits
Annual tourist visits: Moderate, with growth potential.
Tourism Overview
Tourism overview: Developing sector, with growing interest in cultural and natural attractions.
Top Tourist Attractions
Top tourist attractions: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Charyn Canyon, Almaty, and Nur-Sultan.
Famous Cities
Famous cities: Nur-Sultan (Astana), Almaty, Shymkent.
National Parks
National parks: Numerous, preserving diverse landscapes and wildlife.
Protected Areas
Protected areas: Significant portions of the country are designated as protected areas.
Best Time to Visit
—
Tourist Visa Info
Tourist visa info: Visa requirements vary depending on nationality; visa-free options available for some.
Visa Requirements Overview
—
Travel Advisory
Travel advisory: Monitor travel advisories from your country's government.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index varies; further research is recommended for details.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the service and location.
Number of Hospitals
The number of hospitals is around 500.
Universal Healthcare
Kazakhstan aims for universal healthcare; reforms are ongoing.
Medical Services Overview
Kazakhstan offers a mix of public and private healthcare services.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available throughout the country.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
102
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
103
Emergency Number (Fire)
101
Crime Rate
Crime rate index: Moderate, with petty crime and corruption being concerns.
Safety Index
Safety index: Moderate; generally safe, but caution advised in certain areas.
Military Expenditure
Military expenditure: Moderate, focusing on defense capabilities and regional security.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services: Police, ambulance, and fire services are available, but response times may vary.
Safety Overview
—
Military Branches
Military branches: Ground Forces, Air Defense Forces, Naval Forces.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access: Nearly universal access throughout the country.
Water Access
Water access: Generally good, but can vary by region; improvements ongoing.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access: Generally good, with variations between urban and rural areas.
Railways
Extensive railway network connecting major cities and regions.
Roadways
Road network: extensive, but quality varies; modernization ongoing.
Transportation System
Well-developed transportation infrastructure including roads, railways, and air travel.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Aktau International Airport (SCO), Aktobe International Airport (AKX), Almaty International Airport (ALA), Atyrau International Airport (GUW), Baikonur Krayniy International Airport (BXY), Hazrat Sultan International Airport (HSA)
Ports
Ports: Aktau and Kuryk on the Caspian Sea are key for trade.
Public Transit
Public transit: Available in major cities, including buses, trams, and metro in Almaty.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
93.39#43 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Mobile subscriptions: High, reflecting widespread mobile phone usage.
Tech Startups
Tech startups: Growing, with government support for the IT sector.
Innovation Index
Innovation index: Improving, with efforts to foster technological development.
ICT Development Index
ICT Development Index: Improving, reflecting investments in information and communication technologies.
TV Broadcast Stations
TV broadcast stations: Numerous, including state-owned and private channels.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Radio broadcast stations: Numerous, offering a variety of programming.
Plug Type & Voltage
—
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
12.57#16 of 202
Air Quality Index
Poor air quality in major cities, especially during winter due to coal burning and industrial emissions.
Water Pollution Level
Significant water pollution from industrial discharge and agricultural runoff, impacting major rivers and lakes.
Renewable Energy Usage
Growing renewable energy sector, with increasing solar and wind power projects, but still a small percentage of total energy consumption.
Environmental Issues
Air and water pollution, soil degradation, desertification, and loss of biodiversity.
Natural Hazards
Earthquakes, floods, and droughts.
Waste Management
Inadequate waste management infrastructure, leading to open dumping and limited recycling efforts.
Environmental Agreements
Party to major international environmental agreements, including climate change and biodiversity conventions.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains diplomatic missions globally.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Member of various international organizations including the CIS, SCO, and others.
Major Treaties
Participates in numerous international treaties related to environmental protection, trade, and security.
Visa-Free Countries
Offers visa-free entry to citizens of numerous countries, primarily within the CIS and some others.