Laos
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 7
Currency
💱 Lao kip
Languages
🗣️ Lao
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Laos, the 'Land of a Million Elephants,' beckons with its tranquil charm and rich cultural heritage. This landlocked Southeast Asian gem is best known for its serene Buddhist temples, lush jungle landscapes, and the mighty Mekong River. Visitors can expect a slower pace of life, a warm and welcoming populace, and an authentic travel experience away from mass tourism. Explore the ancient royal capital of Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage site, with its saffron-robed monks and gilded wats. Journey south to witness the dramatic karst formations of Vang Vieng, once known for its river tubing, now offering adventure activities amidst stunning scenery. The country's spiritual heart beats strongly, evident in its numerous temples and vibrant festivals. A first-time visitor will discover a nation deeply rooted in tradition, offering a peaceful escape and a glimpse into a less-developed, yet incredibly beautiful, corner of the world.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Laotian
Independence
19 July 1949 (from France)
Top-Level Domain
.la
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+856
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+07:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Vientiane
ISO Alpha-2
LA
ISO Alpha-3
LAO
UN Code
418
Geographic Coordinates
18,105
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
236,800#84 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
7,745,000#103 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
33.21
Highest Point (m)
Phou Bia, 2,819 m
Lowest Point (m)
Mekong River, 70 m
Land Use
Agricultural land: 31.8%; forest: 70.8% (2018 estimate)
Irrigated Land
2,350 sq km (2012)
Coastline Length
This landlocked country has no coastline.
Climate
Tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to October), dry season (November to April)
Natural Resources
Timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Myanmar, Cambodia, China, Thailand, Vietnam
Major Rivers
Mekong River, Nam Ou River, Nam Ngum River
Major Lakes
Nam Ngum Lake
Government Type
One-party communist state
Administrative Divisions
17 provinces (khoueng) and 1 prefecture (kampheng nakhon)
Legal System
Based on French civil law and customary law; new laws being drafted in response to economic changes
Chief of State
President Thongloun Sisoulith
Head of Government
Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone
Cabinet
Council of Ministers
Elections
Elections for the National Assembly are held every five years. The Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) is the only legal political party.
Judicial Branch
People's Supreme Court
Legislative Branch
Unicameral National Assembly (Sapha Heng Xat) with 178 members
Major Political Parties
Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP)
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Lao kip
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
18.3#139 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
81.75#113 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2,324.76#170 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
16.62
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
29.17
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
43.57
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
7.74#36 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3,650,484
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1.19#178 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Laos's public debt is significant; consult recent economic reports for the most current data.
Budget
Laos's annual budget is available from the Lao government.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2016)Checked September 29, 2026
5.28#131 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2016)Checked September 29, 2026
6.66#133 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Laos's foreign reserves are approximately $1.6 billion USD (2022 est.).
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates can be found online from various financial websites and banks.
GDP by Sector
The Lao economy is primarily driven by services, industry (including manufacturing), and agriculture.
Major Industries
Major industries in Laos include garments, mining, hydropower, agriculture, and tourism.
Major Export Partners
Major export partners include China, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Major Import Partners
Major import partners include Thailand, China, and Vietnam.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
75.64#128 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
20.9
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
6.2
Net Migration Rate
Laos has a net negative migration rate; consult recent demographic reports for current figures.
Median Age
The median age in Laos is approximately 25 years (2022 est.).
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
40.31#170 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Laos's urbanization rate is around 3% annually.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
69.2#157 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
HIV/AIDS prevalence in Laos is relatively low; consult recent health reports for current data.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
1.33
Ethnic Groups
The population of Laos comprises various ethnic groups, including Lao Loum, Lao Theung, and Lao Sung.
Religions
Theravada Buddhism is the predominant religion in Laos.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Lao
Education
Education System
The education system in Laos follows a 12-year structure: 5 years of primary, 4 years of lower secondary, and 3 years of upper secondary. There are challenges with quality and access, particularly in rural areas.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026
10.5
Government Education Spending
Government spending on education in Laos is a significant portion of its budget, though it remains lower than many developed countries. Amounts vary by year, but generally around 15-20% of the government's budget.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities include the National University of Laos and Souphanouvong University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Laos has a rich cultural heritage, influenced by Buddhism, animism, and its neighbors. Traditional values and a strong sense of community are central.
National Holidays
National holidays include Lao New Year (Pi Mai Lao), Lao National Day, and various Buddhist holidays.
Popular Music
Lao popular music includes Luk Thung Lao and Mor Lam, which blend traditional melodies with modern styles. Pop music is also emerging.
Traditional Food
Traditional food features sticky rice, Laap (minced meat salad), Tam Mak Hoong (papaya salad), and various noodle soups.
Sports
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport. Other sports include Muay Lao (traditional boxing) and traditional games like pétanque.
Major Festivals
Major festivals are Boun Pi Mai (Lao New Year), Boun That Luang, and various Buddhist festivals.
Famous People
Famous people include artists, writers, and political figures, but not widely internationally known in the same way as figures from other countries.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Laos has numerous temples, historical sites, and cultural villages. Luang Prabang is the most significant.
UNESCO Sites
UNESCO sites include the town of Luang Prabang and Vat Phou Champasak.
Annual Tourist Visits
Around 4 million annual tourist visits before the COVID-19 pandemic. Numbers are recovering.
Tourism Overview
Tourism is growing, with a focus on natural beauty, cultural experiences, and adventure travel.
Top Tourist Attractions
Luang Prabang, Vang Vieng, Plain of Jars, 4000 Islands (Si Phan Don), Vientiane.
Famous Cities
Vientiane, Luang Prabang, Pakse, Savannakhet.
National Parks
Many national parks and protected areas, showcasing diverse ecosystems.
Protected Areas
Significant area under protected status, including national parks and other conservation areas.
Best Time to Visit
The dry season, from November to April, is generally considered the best time to visit Laos. During these months, the weather is pleasant with lower humidity and minimal rainfall, making it ideal for exploring cities like Luang Prabang and Vientiane. This period is perfect for sightseeing, visiting temples, and enjoying outdoor activities such as trekking in the northern mountains or cruising the Mekong River. For those interested in festivals, the Lao New Year (Pi Mai) typically falls in mid-April, offering a vibrant cultural experience with water splashing ceremonies. Adventurous travelers looking for cooler temperatures for hiking might prefer the shoulder months of November or February. The green season, from May to October, sees higher rainfall, which can be heavier in the south, but it also brings lush landscapes and fewer crowds, potentially offering a more immersive experience for the budget-conscious or nature-loving traveler.
Tourist Visa Info
Visas are required for most visitors; visa on arrival available at some entry points.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Laos vary significantly based on your nationality. Many nationalities can obtain a tourist visa on arrival at major international airports and border crossings, often for a stay of up to 30 days. It is essential to check the specific requirements for your passport well in advance of your travel. Some countries have visa-free entry agreements for short stays, while others will require you to apply for a visa in advance at a Laotian embassy or consulate. Be prepared to present a passport valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay, a passport-sized photograph, and the required visa fee, which is usually payable in USD. Overstaying your visa can result in fines and potential difficulties upon departure.
Travel Advisory
Exercise a high degree of caution due to potential for unexploded ordnance in some areas.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index for Laos is moderate; data is available from various sources.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in Laos are generally lower compared to developed countries.
Number of Hospitals
There are numerous hospitals in Laos, with varying levels of service.
Universal Healthcare
Laos' healthcare system is primarily public, with access to healthcare being a challenge, especially in rural areas. Out-of-pocket expenses are high.
Medical Services Overview
Medical services are available in urban areas; access to specialized care may be limited.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical access can be limited in rural areas.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
1191
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
1195
Emergency Number (Fire)
1190
Crime Rate
Low crime rate compared to many other countries, but petty theft can occur.
Safety Index
High safety index due to low crime levels.
Military Expenditure
Relatively low military expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services are limited in capacity and resources, especially outside major cities. Response times may be slow.
Safety Overview
Laos is a safe country for tourists, with a low crime rate. Petty theft, such as pickpocketing in crowded markets, can occur, so it's wise to remain aware of your surroundings. Common scams are rare but may involve inflated prices for transport or souvenirs; always agree on prices beforehand. While generally peaceful, exercising caution is advised when traveling on less-traveled roads, particularly at night, due to potential road hazards and limited lighting. It's advisable to avoid displaying large amounts of cash or expensive jewelry. Stick to well-trodden tourist routes and use reputable tour operators for excursions. Medical facilities are more basic outside of major cities, so ensure you have adequate travel insurance. Overall, a respectful approach and common sense will ensure a trouble-free visit.
Military Branches
Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF), comprising the Lao People's Army (LPA), Lao People's Air Force (LPAF), and Lao People's Navy (LPN).
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access is improving but varies; significant disparities between urban and rural areas.
Water Access
Access to improved water sources is moderate, with variations between urban and rural settings.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is lower, with a gap between urban and rural areas and reliance on basic sanitation.
Railways
A railway line connects Vientiane to China, with more rail projects underway.
Roadways
Limited paved roads, especially outside of major cities; road conditions can vary significantly.
Transportation System
The transportation system includes roads, river transport, and air travel. Road infrastructure is improving, but some areas still have limited access.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Luang Phabang International Airport (LPQ), Pakse International Airport (PKZ), Wattay International Airport (VTE), Bokeo International Airport (BOR), Sam Neua Airport (NEU), Savannakhet Airport (ZVK)
Ports
Mainly river ports on the Mekong River, used for trade; Vientiane is the primary river port.
Public Transit
Limited public transportation options; tuk-tuks and buses are common in urban areas.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
65.59#143 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
High mobile subscription rates due to the popularity of mobile phones.
Tech Startups
Growing but small tech startup scene.
Innovation Index
Relatively low innovation index.
ICT Development Index
Low ICT Development Index score.
TV Broadcast Stations
Limited number of TV broadcast stations.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Multiple radio stations.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type A, B, C, E, F, G, and H sockets are used, 230V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
3.35#89 of 202
Air Quality Index
Poor air quality in urban areas, particularly during dry season. PM2.5 levels often exceed WHO guidelines.
Water Pollution Level
Water pollution from untreated sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff is a concern. Rivers and lakes are affected.
Renewable Energy Usage
Significant hydropower potential; hydropower is the dominant source of electricity generation. Solar energy is growing.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution in urban areas, and wildlife trade.
Natural Hazards
Floods, droughts, typhoons, landslides.
Waste Management
Inadequate waste management infrastructure, leading to open dumping and limited recycling. Solid waste disposal is a major challenge.
Environmental Agreements
Party to international agreements on climate change, biodiversity, and ozone layer protection.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Laos has diplomatic missions in several countries.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
ASEAN
Major Treaties
Key treaties include those related to trade, investment, and environmental protection.
Visa-Free Countries
Laotian citizens can travel visa-free to a limited number of countries.