Myanmar

Region

🌍 Asia

Population

👥 51

Currency

💱 Burmese kyat

Languages

🗣️ Burmese

This mark means a fact is linked to a checked source. Hover or tap it to see the source. 32 of 141 facts on this page are sourced.

Myanmar, often referred to as the 'Golden Land,' beckons travelers with its rich cultural heritage, ancient temples, and diverse landscapes. It is best known for its magnificent pagodas and stupas, particularly the iconic Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon and the thousands of temples scattered across the Bagan plains. From the bustling streets of Yangon to the serene Inle Lake and the pristine beaches of the Rakhine coast, Myanmar offers a tapestry of experiences. First-time visitors can expect a journey back in time, encountering warm hospitality, vibrant Buddhist traditions, and a slower pace of life. The country's natural beauty ranges from lush mountainous regions in the north to fertile river valleys and coastal areas, providing ample opportunities for exploration. Prepare to be enchanted by the authenticity and spiritual depth that Myanmar offers.

Official NameSource: REST Countries

Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Continent

Asia

DemonymSource: REST Countries

Burmese

Independence

January 4, 1948 (from the UK)

Top-Level Domain

.mm

Calling CodeSource: REST Countries

+95

Time ZoneSource: REST Countries

UTC+06:30

Capital CitySource: REST Countries

Naypyidaw

ISO Alpha-2

ISO Alpha-3

MMR

UN Code

104

Geographic Coordinates

22,98

Area (km²)Source: REST Countries

676,578#40 of 249

PopulationSource: REST Countries

51,375,327#29 of 247

Population Density (per km²)

82.94

Highest Point (m)

5,881 meters (Hkakabo Razi)

Lowest Point (m)

0 meters (Andaman Sea)

Land Use

49.8% agricultural land; 54.4% forest area (2018)

Irrigated Land

19,000 sq km (2012)

Coastline Length

1,930 km

Climate

Tropical monsoon; hot, humid summers; less humid, milder winters.

Natural Resources

Petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, marble, limestone, gemstones, natural gas, hydropower.

Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries

Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Thailand

Major Rivers

Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady), Salween (Thanlwin), Chindwin.

Major Lakes

Inle Lake.

Government Type

Military government

Administrative Divisions

7 regions (pyi) and 7 states (pyi-neh)

Legal System

Mixture of English common law and customary law.

Chief of State

Senior General Min Aung Hlaing (Chairman of the State Administration Council)

Head of Government

Prime Minister Min Aung Hlaing

Cabinet

Appointed by the head of government.

Elections

Elections have been held, but the results and legitimacy are disputed.

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court; subordinate courts.

Legislative Branch

Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (Assembly of the Union): composed of the Amyotha Hluttaw (House of Nationalities) and the Pyithu Hluttaw (House of Representatives). The current legislative body's legitimacy is disputed.

Major Political Parties

Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), National League for Democracy (NLD) - currently inactive, and numerous smaller parties.

CurrencySource: REST Countries

Burmese kyat

GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

81.67#86 of 211

GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

329.74#65 of 201

GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

1,488.88#181 of 211

GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

25.3

GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

36.2

GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

38.5

Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026

8.83#26 of 191

Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

22,940,495

Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

3.05#143 of 185

Public Debt (% of GDP)

Information on public debt is subject to change; consult recent economic reports.

Budget

The government's budget details are dynamic; refer to official financial reports.

Exports (US$ billion)

Approximately $15 billion (2023 estimate).

Imports (US$ billion)

Approximately $20 billion (2023 estimate).

Foreign Reserves

Foreign reserves fluctuate; refer to the latest financial data.

Currency Exchange

Currency exchange rates fluctuate; consult a financial institution for current rates.

GDP by Sector

Agriculture, industry, and services contribute to the GDP.

Major Industries

Agriculture, garments, and tourism are major industries.

Major Export Partners

Major export partners include China, Thailand, and India.

Major Import Partners

Major import partners include China, Singapore, and Thailand.

Society

Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2020)Checked September 29, 2026

93.53#88 of 169

Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026

16.5

Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026

9.2

Net Migration Rate

Net migration is currently negative; refer to recent data.

Median Age

Median age is approximately 28 years.

Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026

30.58#193 of 214

Urbanization Rate

Urbanization is ongoing; consult current population data.

Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026

67.1#174 of 214

HIV/AIDS Prevalence

HIV/AIDS prevalence is a subject of ongoing monitoring; consult the latest health reports.

Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026

4.46

Ethnic Groups

Burman, Shan, Karen, Rakhine, and other ethnic groups are present.

Religions

Buddhism is the predominant religion.

LanguagesSource: REST Countries

Burmese

Education

Education System

The education system in Myanmar is government-controlled and free at the primary and secondary levels. It faces challenges like low funding, teacher shortages, and varying quality. Reforms are ongoing.

School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2018)Checked September 29, 2026

10.7

Government Education Spending

Myanmar's government education spending is relatively low compared to other countries, and has been subject to fluctuations.

Primary Education Access

—

Secondary Education Access

—

Higher Education Access

—

Major Universities

Major universities include the University of Yangon, Mandalay University, and Technological University (various locations).

Culture

Cultural Overview

Myanmar culture is rich and diverse, influenced by Buddhism, ethnic groups, and historical interactions. It is known for its pagodas, traditional arts, and vibrant festivals.

National Holidays

Major national holidays include Independence Day, Union Day, Thingyan Water Festival, and Martyrs' Day.

Popular Music

Myanmar's popular music blends traditional sounds with modern influences, including pop, rock, and hip-hop. Traditional music includes Saung Gauk harp music.

Traditional Food

Traditional food includes Mohinga (rice noodle and fish soup), curries, and various rice and noodle dishes, often incorporating seafood, vegetables, and spices.

Sports

Football (soccer) is popular, along with Chinlone (a cane ball game), and traditional martial arts.

Major Festivals

Thingyan (Water Festival), Thadingyut Festival of Lights, and Tazaungdaing Festival are major festivals.

Famous People

Famous people include Aung San Suu Kyi (political leader), and many prominent figures in arts and literature.

Cultural Heritage Sites

Myanmar has numerous pagodas, temples, and historical sites, including Bagan and Inle Lake.

UNESCO Sites

UNESCO sites include the Ancient Cities of Pyu and Bagan.

Annual Tourist Visits

Tourist visits have fluctuated due to political factors; data availability is limited.

Tourism Overview

Tourism is impacted by political instability; cultural and natural attractions exist.

Top Tourist Attractions

Bagan temples, Shwedagon Pagoda, Inle Lake.

Famous Cities

Yangon, Mandalay, Naypyidaw, Bagan.

National Parks

Several national parks exist with varying infrastructure and accessibility.

Protected Areas

Protected areas are present, including national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Myanmar is generally during the dry season, from November to February. This period offers pleasant temperatures and minimal rainfall, perfect for exploring cities like Yangon and Mandalay, and marveling at the ancient wonders of Bagan. For beach lovers, the months of December to March are optimal for enjoying the southern coastlines, with clear skies and calm seas. If your interest lies in trekking and exploring the mountainous regions in the north, the cooler months of October to March are recommended. Festival enthusiasts might aim for times like Thingyan (Burmese New Year) in April or the Tazaungdaing festival of lights in November, though these can be very hot. Shoulder seasons in October and March can offer a good balance of weather and fewer crowds.

Tourist Visa Info

Visas are required for most nationalities; e-visas are available for tourism.

Visa Requirements Overview

Tourist visa requirements for Myanmar vary depending on your nationality. Many nationalities can apply for an e-visa online in advance of travel, which typically allows for a stay of up to 28 days. Some countries may be eligible for visa-on-arrival, though this is less common and subject to change. It is essential to check the latest regulations with the nearest Myanmar embassy or consulate in your country well before your planned trip. Ensure your passport has at least six months of validity remaining from your intended date of entry. Always have a printed copy of your visa approval and passport with you during your travels.

Travel Advisory

Travel advisories vary depending on region, with some areas deemed unsafe due to conflict.

Healthcare

Healthcare Quality

Healthcare quality index varies; consult recent health reports.

Medical Cost

Medical costs vary depending on the service.

Number of Hospitals

The number of hospitals changes; refer to recent health statistics.

Universal Healthcare

Myanmar's healthcare system is primarily public, with significant challenges including limited resources, infrastructure, and access, especially in rural areas. Private healthcare exists but is costly.

Medical Services Overview

Medical services vary between urban and rural areas.

Emergency Medical Access

Emergency medical access is variable, especially in remote regions.

Emergency & Safety

Emergency Number (Police)

199 (police)

Emergency Number (Ambulance)

192 (ambulance)

Emergency Number (Fire)

191 (fire)

Crime Rate

Crime rates are difficult to accurately assess due to limited data; petty crime may occur.

Safety Index

Safety Index is moderate; political instability and internal conflict impact safety.

Military Expenditure

Military expenditure is high relative to GDP.

Emergency Services Overview

Emergency services are limited in scope and resources, especially outside major cities. Response times can be slow.

Safety Overview

Myanmar is generally a safe country for tourists, with most visitors experiencing no issues. Standard precautions against petty theft, such as keeping valuables secure and being aware of surroundings in crowded areas, are advisable. While scams are not rampant, be mindful of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited tours or excessively cheap services, as these can sometimes lead to inflated prices. It's wise to exercise caution in border regions and remote areas, and to stay informed about any local advisories. Using reputable taxi services and negotiating fares beforehand is a good practice. Respect local customs and dress modestly when visiting religious sites. For the most part, your journey will be met with the genuine warmth and hospitality of the Burmese people.

Military Branches

Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) includes Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Infrastructure

Electricity Access

Electricity access is variable; significantly lower in rural areas.

Water Access

Access to improved water sources is moderate, with disparities between urban and rural settings.

Sanitation Access

Sanitation access faces challenges, particularly in rural regions.

Railways

Myanmar has a railway system, but it is aging, and services may be limited. Development and upgrades are in progress.

Roadways

Road network is underdeveloped with paved roads mostly in urban areas; significant portion unpaved.

Transportation System

Transportation includes buses, trains, boats, and air travel. Infrastructure is developing, but transport can be challenging in some areas. River travel is significant.

AirportsSource: OurAirports

Mandalay International Airport (MDL), Nay Pyi Taw International Airport (NYT), Yangon International Airport (RGN), Dawei Airport (TVY), Heho Airport (HEH), Kawthoung Airport (KAW)

Ports

Major ports include Yangon, handling most of the country's international trade.

Public Transit

Public transit is limited, primarily consisting of buses in urban areas.

Technology & Communication

Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2020)Checked September 29, 2026

45.45#165 of 211

Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)

Mobile subscriptions per 100 people are moderate to high.

Tech Startups

Tech startup scene is developing, with potential for growth.

Innovation Index

Innovation Index is low.

ICT Development Index

ICT Development Index is relatively low.

TV Broadcast Stations

Limited number of TV broadcast stations.

Radio Broadcast Stations

Radio broadcast stations are available.

Plug Type & Voltage

Type A, C, D, F, G, and I plugs are used in Myanmar, with 230V and 50Hz frequency.

CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026

0.58#156 of 202

Air Quality Index

Poor air quality, especially in urban areas; significant PM2.5 and PM10 pollution.

Water Pollution Level

High levels of water pollution from industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural runoff.

Renewable Energy Usage

Limited renewable energy usage, though some hydropower exists; solar potential.

Environmental Issues

Deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution, and loss of biodiversity.

Natural Hazards

Cyclones, floods, earthquakes, and droughts.

Waste Management

Inadequate waste management systems; open dumping and burning are common.

Environmental Agreements

Party to international environmental agreements on climate change, biodiversity, and ozone depletion.

UN MembershipSource: REST Countries

Yes

Diplomatic Missions

Has diplomatic missions in various countries.

International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries

ASEAN

Major Treaties

Relevant treaties related to human rights, trade, and environmental protection.

Visa-Free Countries

Information on visa-free travel is variable and subject to change.