Panama
Region
🌍 Americas
Population
👥 4
Currency
💱 Panamanian balboa
Languages
🗣️ Spanish
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Panama, a slender ribbon of land connecting North and South America, offers a captivating blend of natural wonders and vibrant culture. It is globally renowned for the engineering marvel that is the Panama Canal, a vital waterway that shapes international trade. Beyond this iconic attraction, visitors will discover a remarkable diversity of landscapes, from the pristine beaches and coral reefs of the Bocas del Toro archipelago to the lush cloud forests of Boquete and the rich biodiversity of the Darién National Park. First-time visitors can expect a tropical climate, friendly locals, and a rich history evident in its colonial architecture and indigenous heritage. Whether you seek adventure, relaxation, or a cultural immersion, Panama promises an unforgettable journey.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Panama
Continent
America
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Panamanian
Independence
November 3, 1903 (from Colombia)
Top-Level Domain
.pa
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+507
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC-05:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Panama City
ISO Alpha-2
PA
ISO Alpha-3
PAN
UN Code
591
Geographic Coordinates
9,-80
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
75,417#119 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
4,064,780#129 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
60.11
Highest Point (m)
3,475 meters (Volcán Barú)
Lowest Point (m)
0 meters (Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea)
Land Use
Approximately 25% arable land, 44% forest, and 31% other uses.
Irrigated Land
Approximately 280 square kilometers (2012)
Coastline Length
2,490 km
Climate
Tropical; hot, humid; long rainy season (May to January)
Natural Resources
Copper, timber, shrimp, hydropower
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Colombia, Costa Rica
Major Rivers
Chiriquí, Chagres, Tuira, Bayano, Santa Maria
Major Lakes
Gatun Lake (artificial lake formed by the Panama Canal)
Government Type
Presidential republic
Administrative Divisions
10 provinces and 3 indigenous territories
Legal System
Civil law system based on Spanish law
Chief of State
President José Raúl Mulino
Head of Government
President José Raúl Mulino
Cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president
Elections
President elected by popular vote for a five-year term; legislative elections held every five years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court of Justice
Legislative Branch
National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) with 71 members.
Major Political Parties
Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), Democratic Change (CD), Panameñista Party, and others.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Panamanian balboa
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
90.46#83 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
200.69#80 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
19,789.73#76 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2.62
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
24.9
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
70.02
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
-0.19#181 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2,287,522
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
8.36#50 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Approximately 58% of GDP (2022 estimate).
Budget
Panama's budget is primarily funded by tax revenue and international trade.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
38.38#75 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
34.02#77 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Approximately $10 billion (2022 estimate).
Currency Exchange
The US dollar is legal tender in Panama. Exchange rates fluctuate with market conditions.
GDP by Sector
Services (primarily the Panama Canal, tourism, and financial services), industry, and agriculture.
Major Industries
Tourism, construction, financial services, shipping, and food processing.
Major Export Partners
United States, China, Netherlands.
Major Import Partners
United States, China, South Korea.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
96.23#67 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
15.9
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
4.9
Net Migration Rate
Approximately -1 migrant(s) per 1,000 population.
Median Age
Approximately 32 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
66.15#102 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Approximately 1.1% annual rate of change.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
79.8#53 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Approximately 0.8% of adults are infected.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
8.33
Ethnic Groups
Mestizo, European, Afro-Panamanian, Indigenous.
Religions
Christianity (predominantly Roman Catholic), with a significant Protestant minority.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Spanish
Education
Education System
Panama's education system is based on the Spanish model, with primary, secondary, and higher education levels.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2016)Checked September 29, 2026
12.9
Government Education Spending
Panama allocates a significant percentage of its GDP to education.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities in Panama include the University of Panama and the Technological University of Panama.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Panamanian culture is a blend of indigenous, Spanish, African, and American influences, expressed through music, dance, and cuisine.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- New Year's Day (2026-01-01)
- Martyr's Day (2026-01-09)
- Carnival (2026-02-16)
- Carnival (2026-02-17)
- Good Friday (2026-04-03)
- Labour Day (2026-05-01)
- Separation Day (2026-11-03)
- Flag Day (2026-11-04)
- Colón Day (2026-11-05)
- Shout in Villa de los Santos (2026-11-10)
- Independence Day (2026-11-28)
- Mother's Day (2026-12-08)
Popular Music
Popular music genres in Panama include Salsa, Reggae en Español, and traditional Panamanian music.
Traditional Food
Traditional Panamanian food features dishes like Sancocho (chicken stew), arroz con pollo (rice with chicken), and ceviche.
Sports
Football (soccer) is a popular sport in Panama, along with baseball, boxing, and basketball.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include the Panama Carnival and the Feria Internacional de Azuero.
Famous People
Famous Panamanians include Rubén Blades (musician and actor) and Mariano Rivera (baseball player).
Cultural Heritage Sites
Panama has several cultural heritage sites, including historical areas and monuments.
UNESCO Sites
Panama has UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the historic district of Panama City.
Annual Tourist Visits
Around 2 million tourists annually.
Tourism Overview
Tourism is a significant sector, with focus on ecotourism, beaches, and the Panama Canal.
Top Tourist Attractions
Panama Canal, Casco Viejo, Bocas del Toro, and Volcán Barú.
Famous Cities
Panama City, Colón, David.
National Parks
Significant number of national parks, including Coiba National Park.
Protected Areas
Substantial percentage of land designated as protected areas.
Best Time to Visit
The dry season, from December to April, is generally considered the best time to visit Panama for city exploration and enjoying its numerous beaches. During these months, you can expect sunny skies and lower humidity, ideal for soaking up the sun on the Pacific or Caribbean coasts. For hiking and exploring the cooler highlands of Boquete, the shoulder months of May and November can be pleasant, offering a good balance before or after the heaviest rains. Wildlife viewing is often excellent year-round, but the nesting season for turtles in Bocas del Toro runs from February to October. Those interested in local festivals, such as Carnival, should aim for late February or early March, though exact dates vary annually. The rainy season, from May to November, while wetter, often brings lush green landscapes and fewer crowds, especially for nature enthusiasts.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa-free entry for citizens of many countries; visa requirements vary.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Panama vary significantly depending on your nationality. Many nationalities can enter Panama visa-free for stays of up to 90 days for tourism purposes. Typically, travelers need a valid passport with at least six months of remaining validity and proof of onward or return travel. Some visitors may be asked to demonstrate sufficient funds for their stay. It is crucial for all travelers to verify the specific requirements for their country of origin well in advance of their trip, as regulations can change. You can usually find this information on the official immigration website of Panama or by contacting their embassy or consulate.
Travel Advisory
Exercise normal precautions; some areas may have higher crime rates.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index for Panama is moderate.
Medical Cost
Medical costs in Panama are generally lower than in the United States, but can vary.
Number of Hospitals
Panama has a number of hospitals, both public and private; the exact number fluctuates.
Universal Healthcare
Panama has a public healthcare system (CSS) and private healthcare options, with varying degrees of coverage.
Medical Services Overview
Panama has a mix of public and private healthcare systems, with modern facilities available in urban areas.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available in Panama, particularly in major cities.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police in Panama is 104.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for ambulances in Panama is 911.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department in Panama is 103.
Crime Rate
Crime rates in Panama vary, with certain areas experiencing higher rates than others.
Safety Index
The safety index in Panama is moderate, with factors like petty theft being concerns in tourist areas.
Military Expenditure
Panama's military expenditure is minimal, as it does not maintain a standing army.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services in Panama include police, ambulance, and fire departments, accessible via dedicated phone numbers.
Safety Overview
Panama is generally a safe country for tourists, especially in popular tourist areas and major cities. Common sense precautions should be exercised, as with any travel destination. Be aware of petty theft, particularly in crowded markets and on public transport in Panama City; keep valuables secure and out of sight. While most areas are safe, it's advisable to exercise extra caution in certain neighborhoods of Panama City known for higher crime rates, and it's best to stick to well-trafficked areas, especially after dark. Taxis are a convenient mode of transport; ensure they are official, and agree on the fare beforehand or ensure the meter is used. Avoid displaying excessive wealth, and be mindful of your surroundings, particularly in less developed or remote regions.
Military Branches
Panama does not have a standing military; national security is handled by the National Police and other security forces.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Access to electricity is widespread throughout Panama.
Water Access
Access to potable water is generally good in Panama.
Sanitation Access
Access to sanitation facilities is improving in Panama.
Railways
Panama has railways, primarily for cargo transportation, with limited passenger services.
Roadways
Panama has a well-developed network of roadways, including the Pan-American Highway.
Transportation System
Panama's transportation system includes buses, taxis, the Metro (subway), and a well-developed road network.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Tocumen International Airport (PTY), Alonso Valderrama Airport (CTD), Bocas del Toro "Isla Colón" International Airport (BOC), Changuinola Captain Manuel Niño International Airport (CHX), Enrique Adolfo Jimenez Airport (ONX), Enrique Malek International Airport (DAV)
Ports
Panama has significant ports, including the Panama Canal ports, crucial for global trade.
Public Transit
Public transit in Panama includes buses (Metro Bus), the Metro (subway), and taxis.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
72.77#126 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Over 100 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup ecosystem, with focus on fintech and logistics.
Innovation Index
Moderate innovation performance, improving in recent years.
ICT Development Index
Good ICT development, with increasing internet penetration.
TV Broadcast Stations
Multiple television broadcast stations.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Numerous radio broadcast stations.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type A and Type B, 120V, 60Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
2.74#97 of 202
Air Quality Index
Moderate air quality; generally good but can be affected by pollution in urban areas.
Water Pollution Level
Water pollution is a concern, particularly in urban areas and near agricultural activities. Sewage treatment is limited.
Renewable Energy Usage
Growing renewable energy sector, especially hydropower; solar and wind are increasing.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution from agriculture and sewage, air pollution in urban areas, and loss of biodiversity.
Natural Hazards
Hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, volcanic activity.
Waste Management
Waste management is developing; recycling and proper disposal are limited.
Environmental Agreements
Party to international agreements on climate change, biodiversity, and pollution.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains diplomatic missions globally.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Member of the WTO, OAS, and other international organizations.
Major Treaties
Party to treaties addressing trade, human rights, and the environment.
Visa-Free Countries
Visa-free travel for citizens to numerous countries.