Tajikistan
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 10
Currency
💱 Tajikistani somoni
Languages
🗣️ Russian, Tajik
This mark means a fact is linked to a checked source. Hover or tap it to see the source. 35 of 141 facts on this page are sourced.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Tajikistan
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Tadzhik
Independence
September 9, 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Top-Level Domain
.tj
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+992
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+05:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Dushanbe
ISO Alpha-2
TJ
ISO Alpha-3
TJK
UN Code
762
Geographic Coordinates
39,71
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
143,100#96 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
10,721,000#90 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
74.86
Highest Point (m)
7,495 (Ismoil Somoni Peak)
Lowest Point (m)
300 (Syr Darya)
Land Use
Primarily agricultural, with significant mountainous regions.
Irrigated Land
Extensive irrigation is used for agriculture.
Coastline Length
This landlocked country has no coastline.
Climate
Continental, with hot summers and cold winters.
Natural Resources
Hydropower, coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, mercury, gold, uranium
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
Major Rivers
Amu Darya, Vakhsh, Panj
Major Lakes
Karakul, Sarez Lake
Government Type
Presidential Republic
Administrative Divisions
4 regions (viloyat), 1 autonomous region (viloyati mukhtori), and 1 capital city (Dushanbe)
Legal System
Based on civil law system.
Chief of State
President Emomali Rahmon
Head of Government
Prime Minister Kokhir Rasulzoda
Cabinet
The Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by the President.
Elections
Presidential elections are held every seven years; parliamentary elections are held every five years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court
Legislative Branch
Majlisi Oli (Parliament) - consisting of two chambers: the Majlisi Milli (National Assembly) and the Majlisi Namoyandagon (Assembly of Representatives)
Major Political Parties
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan, Agrarian Party of Tajikistan, Socialist Party of Tajikistan
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Tajikistani somoni
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
17.66#141 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
63.89#126 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,637.25#178 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
23.05
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
32.44
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
36.45
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2016)Checked September 29, 2026
6#41 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
2,647,875
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
6.93#61 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Central government debt, total (% of GDP) (2001)Checked September 29, 2026
79.8
Budget
The government's annual budget is available through official sources.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
1.62#159 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
6.91#130 of 192
Foreign Reserves
The level of foreign reserves is available through the National Bank of Tajikistan.
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates can be found on major financial websites.
GDP by Sector
Agriculture, industry, and services.
Major Industries
Aluminum, cotton, agriculture, and construction.
Major Export Partners
Switzerland, Turkey, and Uzbekistan.
Major Import Partners
Russia, China, and Kazakhstan.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2009)Checked September 29, 2026
99.73#14 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
25.3
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
4.6
Net Migration Rate
The net migration rate fluctuates and is available from recent data.
Median Age
Approximately 23 years.
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
26.16#200 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Urbanization is a slow but ongoing process.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
71.9#136 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Approximately 0.4% of adults.
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
7.44
Ethnic Groups
Tajiks (84.3%), Uzbeks (10.7%), Russians (1.1%), and Kyrgyz (0.7%).
Religions
Islam (Sunni and Shia), with a small number of other religious groups.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Russian, Tajik
Education
Education System
The education system in Tajikistan is structured with primary, secondary, and higher education components.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2013)Checked September 29, 2026
11.4
Government Education Spending
Government expenditure on education in Tajikistan is approximately 15-20% of the state budget.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities include Tajik National University and Khujand State University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Tajik culture blends Persian traditions with Central Asian influences, featuring rich poetry, music, and crafts.
National Holidays
National holidays include Independence Day (September 9) and Navruz (Persian New Year).
Popular Music
Popular music includes traditional Tajik music (falak) and modern pop influenced by regional styles.
Traditional Food
Traditional foods include plov (pilaf), mantu (dumplings), and shashlik (grilled kebabs).
Sports
Popular sports include football (soccer), wrestling, and judo.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include Navruz and various cultural and harvest festivals.
Famous People
Famous people include artists, writers, and athletes known in the region.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Tajikistan boasts several cultural heritage sites reflecting its rich history.
UNESCO Sites
Tajikistan has UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the Proto-urban Site of Sarazm and Tajik National Park.
Annual Tourist Visits
Relatively low number of annual tourist visits.
Tourism Overview
Tourism is developing, with a focus on ecotourism and adventure travel.
Top Tourist Attractions
Pamir Mountains, Iskanderkul Lake, ancient Penjikent.
Famous Cities
Dushanbe, Khujand, Kulob.
National Parks
Tajik National Park (Pamir Mountains).
Protected Areas
Significant protected areas focused on biodiversity conservation.
Best Time to Visit
—
Tourist Visa Info
Visa requirements vary by nationality; e-Visa available.
Visa Requirements Overview
—
Travel Advisory
Exercise a high degree of caution due to potential security concerns.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
The healthcare quality index is variable; consult recent reports.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the service and provider.
Number of Hospitals
The number of hospitals is available through government statistics.
Universal Healthcare
Tajikistan's healthcare system is primarily public, but access and quality vary across regions.
Medical Services Overview
Medical services range from public to private, especially in urban areas.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available, primarily in urban centers.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police is 102.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for the ambulance is 103.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department is 101.
Crime Rate
Crime rates are generally moderate, with petty crime being more common.
Safety Index
The safety index indicates that Tajikistan is a moderately safe country for tourists.
Military Expenditure
Military expenditure is a percentage of GDP, with figures varying annually depending on security concerns.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services, including police, ambulance, and fire, are available, though response times may vary.
Safety Overview
—
Military Branches
The military branches include the Army, Air Force, and Border Troops.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Access to electricity is improving, with ongoing efforts to extend the grid to rural areas.
Water Access
Water access varies; efforts are underway to improve water supply and sanitation infrastructure.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is a challenge, particularly in rural areas; improvements are gradually being implemented.
Railways
Tajikistan has a limited railway network.
Roadways
Roads are the primary mode of transportation, though conditions vary; ongoing infrastructure improvements are in progress.
Transportation System
The transportation system relies primarily on road and air networks.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Bokhtar International Airport (KQT), Dushanbe International Airport (DYU), Khujand International Airport (LBD), Kulob International Airport (TJU)
Ports
This landlocked country has no ports.
Public Transit
Public transit in major cities includes buses and marshrutkas (minibuses).
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
55.79#155 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Approximately 100 mobile subscriptions per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Nascent tech startup ecosystem.
Innovation Index
Low innovation index.
ICT Development Index
Low ICT Development Index.
TV Broadcast Stations
Limited number of TV broadcast stations.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Limited number of radio broadcast stations.
Plug Type & Voltage
—
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
0.92#142 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality is a concern, with particulate matter pollution often exceeding WHO guidelines, especially in urban areas.
Water Pollution Level
Water pollution is a significant issue due to industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and inadequate sewage treatment.
Renewable Energy Usage
Hydropower is the primary renewable energy source, contributing significantly to electricity generation.
Environmental Issues
Major issues include air and water pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, and glacial retreat.
Natural Hazards
Prone to earthquakes, floods, landslides, and avalanches, particularly in mountainous regions.
Waste Management
Waste management infrastructure is underdeveloped, leading to open dumping and limited recycling efforts.
Environmental Agreements
Party to international environmental agreements on climate change, biodiversity, and ozone depletion.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains diplomatic missions in various countries.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Member of the CIS, SCO, and other international and regional organizations.
Major Treaties
Part of various regional and international treaties related to security, trade, and environment.
Visa-Free Countries
Citizens can travel visa-free to a limited number of countries.