Uzbekistan
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 39
Currency
💱 Uzbekistani soÊ»m
Languages
🗣️ Russian, Uzbek
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Official NameSource: REST Countries
Republic of Uzbekistan
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Uzbekistani
Independence
September 1, 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Top-Level Domain
.uz
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+998
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+05:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Tashkent
ISO Alpha-2
UZ
ISO Alpha-3
UZB
UN Code
860
Geographic Coordinates
41,64
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
447,400#57 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
39,047,321#38 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
80.91
Highest Point (m)
4,643 meters (Khazret Sultan)
Lowest Point (m)
127 meters (near Lake Aral)
Land Use
Primarily agricultural land, with significant areas for crops and pastures.
Irrigated Land
Large areas of land are irrigated for agriculture, primarily using water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers.
Coastline Length
This landlocked country has no coastline.
Climate
A continental climate with hot summers and cold winters.
Natural Resources
Natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum.
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan
Major Rivers
The Amu Darya and Syr Darya are the major rivers.
Major Lakes
The Aral Sea (shrinking) and Lake Aydarkul are the major lakes.
Government Type
Republic
Administrative Divisions
12 regions (viloyatlar), 1 autonomous republic (Respublika Karakalpakstan), and 1 city (Tashkent).
Legal System
Based on civil law system.
Chief of State
President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Head of Government
Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov
Cabinet
The Cabinet of Ministers.
Elections
Presidential elections are held every five years. Parliamentary elections are held for the Legislative Chamber.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; Supreme Economic Court.
Legislative Branch
Oliy Majlis (Supreme Assembly) consisting of the Senate and the Legislative Chamber.
Major Political Parties
Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (UzLiDeP), National Revival Democratic Party (Milliy Tiklanish), People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan, Adolat Social Democratic Party.
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Uzbekistani soʻm
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
147.04#61 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
503.97#53 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3,968.27#149 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
16.56
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
32.54
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
46.49
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
8.8#27 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
14,638,807
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
4.62#109 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Approximately 40% of GDP (estimated).
Budget
The budget details are available from the Ministry of Finance of Uzbekistan.
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
32.4#81 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
52#69 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Information on foreign reserves can be found at the Central Bank of Uzbekistan.
Currency Exchange
Currency exchange rates can be found at local banks and online currency converters.
GDP by Sector
Primarily agriculture, industry, and services.
Major Industries
Agriculture, textiles, food processing, and automotive.
Major Export Partners
China, Russia, and Turkey.
Major Import Partners
China, Russia, and South Korea.
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2022)Checked September 29, 2026
100#1 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
25.6
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
6
Net Migration Rate
Slightly negative (estimated).
Median Age
Approximately 29 years (estimated).
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
51.02#152 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Slow, with ongoing movement from rural to urban areas.
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
72.5#129 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Low, approximately 0.2% (estimated).
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
6.74
Ethnic Groups
Uzbeks are the majority, with significant minorities of Russians, Tajiks, and Kazakhs.
Religions
Islam is the dominant religion, with a Christian minority.
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Russian, Uzbek
Education
Education System
Uzbekistan's education system includes primary, secondary, and higher education, with Russian and Uzbek as primary languages of instruction.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (2019)Checked September 29, 2026
12.5
Government Education Spending
Government spending on education in Uzbekistan is approximately 10-12% of the budget.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities in Uzbekistan include Tashkent State University and Samarkand State University.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Uzbekistan boasts a rich cultural heritage shaped by its location on the Silk Road, with influences from Persian, Turkic, and Islamic cultures.
National Holidays
Key national holidays in Uzbekistan include Independence Day (September 1st) and Navruz (Spring Equinox).
Popular Music
Uzbek popular music blends traditional folk music with modern influences, including genres like pop and rock.
Traditional Food
Traditional Uzbek food includes plov (pilaf), shashlik (grilled meat skewers), and samsa (baked pastries).
Sports
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Uzbekistan, with wrestling and chess also being widely played.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include Navruz and various regional cultural festivals.
Famous People
Famous Uzbek people include scientists, artists, and athletes like Timur (Tamerlane).
Cultural Heritage Sites
Uzbekistan is home to numerous cultural heritage sites, reflecting its history and diverse influences.
UNESCO Sites
Uzbekistan has several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva.
Annual Tourist Visits
Around 5-7 million tourists annually (pre-pandemic levels).
Tourism Overview
Increasing tourism, driven by historical sites and cultural heritage.
Top Tourist Attractions
Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, and Tashkent are major draws.
Famous Cities
Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Tashkent.
National Parks
Several national parks, including Zaamin and Ugam-Chatkal.
Protected Areas
Significant protected areas for biodiversity conservation.
Best Time to Visit
—
Tourist Visa Info
Visa-free travel for citizens of many countries; e-visas are available.
Visa Requirements Overview
—
Travel Advisory
Exercise normal precautions, some areas may have higher risk.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Information regarding a healthcare quality index can be found in international health reports.
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the service and provider; private healthcare is generally more expensive.
Number of Hospitals
There are numerous hospitals across the country; specific numbers can be found through official health statistics.
Universal Healthcare
Uzbekistan's healthcare system is primarily government-funded, with a mix of public and private providers.
Medical Services Overview
Medical services range from public clinics to private hospitals. Basic services are generally accessible.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available, accessed by dialing 103.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police in Uzbekistan is 102.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for an ambulance in Uzbekistan is 103.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department in Uzbekistan is 101.
Crime Rate
The crime rate in Uzbekistan is relatively low compared to other countries.
Safety Index
Uzbekistan generally has a moderate safety index.
Military Expenditure
Uzbekistan's military expenditure is approximately 3-4% of its GDP.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services are available, but their efficiency may vary depending on the location.
Safety Overview
—
Military Branches
The military branches of Uzbekistan include the Ground Forces, Air and Air Defence Forces, and National Guard.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access is widespread throughout Uzbekistan.
Water Access
Access to clean water is generally available in urban areas.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is variable, with urban areas having better access than rural areas.
Railways
Uzbekistan has a well-developed railway network, connecting major cities.
Roadways
Roads in Uzbekistan are generally adequate, connecting cities and towns.
Transportation System
The transportation system in Uzbekistan includes a mix of air, rail, and road networks.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Bukhara International Airport (BHK), Namangan International Airport (NMA), Nukus International Airport (NCU), Samarkand International Airport (SKD), Tashkent International Airport (TAS), Urgench International Airport (UGC)
Ports
This landlocked country has no seaports.
Public Transit
Public transportation systems are available in major cities, including buses and metro in Tashkent.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
89.51#65 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Around 80 per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup scene, particularly in fintech and e-commerce.
Innovation Index
Relatively low, but improving, with a focus on ICT development.
ICT Development Index
Moderate, with ongoing efforts to improve digital infrastructure and access.
TV Broadcast Stations
Several national and regional TV stations.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Numerous radio stations broadcasting across the country.
Plug Type & Voltage
—
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
4.09#67 of 202
Air Quality Index
Poor air quality, particularly in urban areas; high levels of particulate matter.
Water Pollution Level
Significant water pollution from industrial and agricultural runoff, affecting rivers and groundwater.
Renewable Energy Usage
Limited renewable energy usage; primarily solar and hydropower.
Environmental Issues
Soil salinity, water pollution, air pollution, and desertification are major issues.
Natural Hazards
Earthquakes, droughts, and floods are potential hazards.
Waste Management
Inadequate waste management systems; open dumping is common; recycling is limited.
Environmental Agreements
Party to major environmental agreements, including climate change and biodiversity.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains diplomatic missions globally.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
Member of the SCO, CIS, and others.
Major Treaties
Participates in treaties related to trade, security, and human rights.
Visa-Free Countries
Offers visa-free travel to citizens of certain countries; varies depending on the country.