Vietnam
Region
🌍 Asia
Population
👥 102
Currency
💱 Vietnamese Äá»ng
Languages
🗣️ Vietnamese
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Discover Vietnam, a land of breathtaking landscapes, vibrant culture, and captivating history. From the emerald waters of Halong Bay and the ancient streets of Hoi An to the bustling metropolises of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam offers an unforgettable journey. Savor its world-renowned cuisine, explore lush rice paddies and towering mountains, and immerse yourself in the warmth of its people.
Official NameSource: REST Countries
Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Continent
Asia
DemonymSource: REST Countries
Vietnamese
Independence
September 2, 1945 (from France)
Top-Level Domain
.vn
Calling CodeSource: REST Countries
+84
Time ZoneSource: REST Countries
UTC+07:00
Capital CitySource: REST Countries
Hanoi
ISO Alpha-2
VN
ISO Alpha-3
VNM
UN Code
704
Geographic Coordinates
16.16666666,107.83333333
Area (km²)Source: REST Countries
331,212#67 of 249
PopulationSource: REST Countries
102,300,000#16 of 247
Population Density (per km²)
320.18
Highest Point (m)
3,143 meters (Fansipan)
Lowest Point (m)
Sea level (South China Sea)
Land Use
Agricultural land: 39.5%; forest: 42.4%; other: 18.1% (2018 estimate)
Irrigated Land
58,500 sq km (2012)
Coastline Length
3,444 km
Climate
Tropical monsoon; hot, humid summers (May to October) and warm, dry winters (November to April)
Natural Resources
Phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, limestone, seafood, forests
Bordering CountriesSource: REST Countries
Cambodia, China, Laos
Major Rivers
Mekong River, Red River, Dong Nai River
Major Lakes
Ba Be Lake
Government Type
Socialist Republic
Administrative Divisions
58 provinces and 5 municipalities
Legal System
Based on civil law system, influenced by French and socialist legal traditions
Chief of State
President Vo Van Thuong
Head of Government
Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh
Cabinet
Council of Ministers
Elections
Elections for the National Assembly are held every 5 years.
Judicial Branch
Supreme People's Court
Legislative Branch
National Assembly (Quoc Hoi)
Major Political Parties
Communist Party of Vietnam
CurrencySource: REST Countries
Vietnamese Äá»ng
GDP, Nominal (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
514.7#32 of 211
GDP, PPP (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: GDP, PPP (current international $) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1,837.76#23 of 201
GDP per Capita (US$)Source: World Bank: GDP per capita (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
5,065.99#137 of 211
GDP - Agriculture (%)Source: World Bank: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
11.64
GDP - Industry (%)Source: World Bank: Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
37.65
GDP - Services (%)Source: World Bank: Services, value added (% of GDP) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
42.74
Inflation Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
3.31#87 of 191
Labor Force (people)Source: World Bank: Labor force, total (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
57,041,323
Unemployment Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
1.52#175 of 185
Public Debt (% of GDP)
Approximately 40% of GDP (2023 est.)
Budget
Revenues: $70.8 billion; Expenditures: $85.3 billion (2022 est.)
Exports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Exports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
505.66#21 of 192
Imports (US$ billion)Source: World Bank: Imports of goods and services (current US$) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
474#21 of 192
Foreign Reserves
Approximately $86 billion (2023 est.)
Currency Exchange
Exchange rates can be found at major banks and online currency converters.
GDP by Sector
Services 41.6%, Industry 37.1%, Agriculture 11.7% (2023 est.)
Major Industries
Food processing, garments, shoes, machinery, electronics, mining, coal, steel, cement, fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, tourism
Major Export Partners
United States, China, South Korea, Japan, Netherlands
Major Import Partners
China, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand
Society
Literacy Rate (%)Source: World Bank: Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) (2022)Checked September 29, 2026
96.13#69 of 169
Birth Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
13.4
Death Rate (per 1,000 people)Source: World Bank: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
6.6
Net Migration Rate
Approximately -0.5 migrants per 1,000 population (2023 est.)
Median Age
Approximately 32.8 years (2023 est.)
Urban Population (%)Source: World Bank: Urban population (% of total population) (2025)Checked September 29, 2026
38.83#174 of 214
Urbanization Rate
Approximately 2.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: Life expectancy at birth, total (years) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
74.7#106 of 214
HIV/AIDS Prevalence
Less than 0.1% (2021 est.)
Health Expenditures (% of GDP)Source: World Bank: Current health expenditure (% of GDP) (2023)Checked September 29, 2026
4.56
Ethnic Groups
Vietnamese (Kinh) 85.3%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.8%, Muong 1.5%, Khmer 1.0%, Hoa 1.1%, others 7.4% (2019 est.)
Religions
Buddhist 14.9%, Catholic 6.6%, Hoa Hao 1.7%, Cao Dai 1.2%, Protestant 0.9%, other 0.5%, none 74.2% (2021 est.)
LanguagesSource: REST Countries
Vietnamese
Education
Education System
Vietnam's education system is structured with primary, secondary, and higher education levels.
School Life Expectancy (years)Source: World Bank: School life expectancy, primary to tertiary, both sexes (years) (1998)Checked September 29, 2026
10.3
Government Education Spending
Government expenditure on education in Vietnam is around 5-6% of GDP.
Primary Education Access
—
Secondary Education Access
—
Higher Education Access
—
Major Universities
Major universities in Vietnam include Vietnam National University, Hanoi; and Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City.
Culture
Cultural Overview
Vietnamese culture is rich and diverse, influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and French colonialism.
National HolidaysSource: Nager.Date
- Tết dương lịch (2026-01-01)
- Ngày Giải phóng miền Nam, thống nhất đất nước (2026-04-30)
- Ngày Quốc tế lao động (2026-05-01)
- Quốc khánh (2026-09-02)
Popular Music
Pop, V-Pop, and traditional music styles are popular in Vietnam.
Traditional Food
Traditional Vietnamese cuisine features dishes like Pho, Banh Mi, and fresh spring rolls.
Sports
Football (soccer), badminton, and volleyball are popular sports in Vietnam.
Major Festivals
Major festivals include the Tet holiday, the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the Perfume Pagoda Festival.
Famous People
Famous Vietnamese people include Ho Chi Minh, Vo Nguyen Giap, and various artists and entrepreneurs.
Cultural Heritage Sites
Vietnam boasts many historical sites, including temples, pagodas, and ancient citadels.
UNESCO Sites
Vietnam has numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites, including Ha Long Bay, Hoi An Ancient Town, and the Complex of Hué Monuments.
Annual Tourist Visits
Millions of international tourist visits annually.
Tourism Overview
Popular tourist destination with diverse attractions.
Top Tourist Attractions
Ha Long Bay, Hoi An Ancient Town, and Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park.
Famous Cities
Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, and Hoi An.
National Parks
Many national parks with diverse ecosystems.
Protected Areas
Significant protected areas for biodiversity conservation.
Best Time to Visit
Vietnam's diverse climate means the best time to visit depends on your chosen region and activities. For central Vietnam, including Hoi An and Hue, the dry season from January to August offers pleasant weather, ideal for exploring historical sites and beaches. Northern Vietnam, with Hanoi and Halong Bay, is best enjoyed from October to April when temperatures are cooler and less humid, perfect for trekking and cruising. Southern Vietnam, including Ho Chi Minh City, has a tropical climate with a dry season from December to April, making it ideal for exploring bustling cities and relaxing on islands like Phu Quoc. If you're keen on experiencing vibrant festivals, consider visiting during Tet (Vietnamese Lunar New Year) in late January or early February, though be aware many businesses may close. For beach lovers, the coast is generally pleasant outside of the monsoon seasons, with specific regions having their peak times.
Tourist Visa Info
Visa required for most visitors; e-visa available.
Visa Requirements Overview
Tourist visa requirements for Vietnam vary significantly depending on your nationality. Many nationalities can enter visa-free for a limited period, typically between 15 to 45 days, with some requiring a visa regardless. For longer stays or if your nationality does not qualify for visa-free entry, you will need to apply for a visa in advance. Options include applying for an e-visa online, obtaining a visa on arrival (which requires pre-approval letter), or applying through a Vietnamese embassy or consulate in your home country. It is essential to check the specific visa regulations applicable to your passport well before your planned travel date, as rules and durations can change.
Travel Advisory
Exercise normal precautions, some areas may have risks.
Healthcare
Healthcare Quality
Healthcare quality is generally improving, but varies regionally. Average score of 55 (out of 100).
Medical Cost
Medical costs vary depending on the service and location.
Number of Hospitals
Vietnam has numerous hospitals, both public and private; the exact number fluctuates.
Universal Healthcare
Vietnam offers a public healthcare system with varying levels of access and quality.
Medical Services Overview
Healthcare services are available in both public and private sectors, with improving infrastructure and access.
Emergency Medical Access
Emergency medical services are available, but access and quality can vary depending on location.
Emergency & Safety
Emergency Number (Police)
The emergency number for the police in Vietnam is 113.
Emergency Number (Ambulance)
The emergency number for ambulances in Vietnam is 115.
Emergency Number (Fire)
The emergency number for the fire department in Vietnam is 114.
Crime Rate
Vietnam generally has a relatively low crime rate compared to many other countries.
Safety Index
Vietnam has a moderate safety index, with relatively low levels of violent crime.
Military Expenditure
Military expenditure accounts for a percentage of Vietnam's GDP.
Emergency Services Overview
Emergency services are available, with varying levels of resources and response times depending on the location.
Safety Overview
Vietnam is generally a safe country for tourists, with petty crime being the most common concern. Be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded markets and tourist areas, to prevent pickpocketing. Common scams often involve inflated taxi fares or unofficial tour guides; always use reputable companies and agree on prices beforehand. Motorbike scams, where rental bikes are damaged and riders are blamed, can also occur, so inspect your rental thoroughly and take photos. While violent crime is rare, it's wise to exercise caution, especially at night, and avoid poorly lit or deserted areas. Keep your valuables secure and be wary of overly friendly strangers offering unsolicited help. Informing your embassy of your travel plans can also be beneficial.
Military Branches
Vietnam's military branches include the Vietnam People's Army.
Infrastructure
Electricity Access
Electricity access is high and continues to expand throughout the country.
Water Access
Access to clean water is generally good, but varies depending on location.
Sanitation Access
Sanitation access is improving, but varies in urban and rural areas.
Railways
Vietnam has a railway network connecting major cities and towns.
Roadways
The road network is extensive and continually developing.
Transportation System
Vietnam's transportation system includes road, rail, air, and waterways.
AirportsSource: OurAirports
Cam Ranh International Airport / Cam Ranh Air Base (CXR), Can Tho International Airport (VCA), Cat Bi International Airport (HPH), Da Nang International Airport (DAD), Long Thanh International Airport (Under Construction) (LTH), Noi Bai International Airport (HAN)
Ports
Major ports include Haiphong, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City.
Public Transit
Public transit options include buses, taxis, and increasingly, urban rail systems in major cities.
Technology & Communication
Internet Penetration (%)Source: World Bank: Individuals using the Internet (% of population) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
84.15#89 of 211
Mobile Subscriptions (per 100)
Over 140 per 100 people.
Tech Startups
Growing tech startup ecosystem.
Innovation Index
Improving, but still developing.
ICT Development Index
Moderate, with ongoing development.
TV Broadcast Stations
Numerous television stations available.
Radio Broadcast Stations
Numerous radio stations available.
Plug Type & Voltage
Type A/C/F, 220V, 50Hz
CO2 Emissions (t per capita)Source: World Bank: Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita) (2024)Checked September 29, 2026
4.27#64 of 202
Air Quality Index
Air quality is generally poor, especially in urban areas. High levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) are common.
Water Pollution Level
High levels of water pollution from industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, and domestic waste are prevalent.
Renewable Energy Usage
Growing, but still a small percentage of total energy consumption. Focus on hydropower and solar is increasing.
Environmental Issues
Deforestation, water pollution, air pollution, and plastic waste are significant concerns.
Natural Hazards
Typhoons, floods, droughts, and earthquakes are common.
Waste Management
Waste management systems are often inadequate, leading to significant pollution from landfills and improper disposal.
Environmental Agreements
Participates in numerous international environmental agreements, including those on climate change and biodiversity.
UN MembershipSource: REST Countries
Yes
Diplomatic Missions
Maintains numerous diplomatic missions worldwide.
International OrganizationsSource: REST Countries
ASEAN
Major Treaties
Participates in major international treaties including climate change agreements.
Visa-Free Countries
Visa-free access for Vietnamese citizens varies depending on the country. Includes some Southeast Asian countries and others.